What the data shows
- 1
Vay is the most documented teleoperation company (6 sourced facts).
- 2
6 published pay figures for teleoperators from 5 companies.
- 3
6 companies say where their operators sit; Astro Robotics, Elmo and Ottopia are among them.
- 4
Shutdown on record: Phantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations.
Figure 1
The teleoperation companies and what each runs
Which companies run remote driving or remote robot operation, where do their operators work and what are they paid?
| Company | What it offers | Sourced facts |
|---|---|---|
| VayVay | Vay launched its first commercial service in Las Vegas: electric rental cars delivered to and collected from customers by remote drivers (teledrivers) working from a teledrive center, initially around UNLV and the Arts District. | 6 |
| FernrideFernride | Fernride's terminal tractors run most tasks autonomously while a remote operator oversees them, assists with exceptions or takes over driving when needed. | 5 |
| OttopiaOttopia | Ottopia sells a teleoperation platform for military unmanned ground vehicles, as turnkey systems embedded by OEMs or as retrofit kits, and set up a U.S. subsidiary to expand its defence business. | 4 |
| PrismaXThe Robot Report | PrismaX launched its browser teleoperation platform, letting users log in and remotely operate a robotic arm, at its first RoboCon event. | 4 |
| Astro RoboticsRest of World | n/a | 3 |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board) | n/a | 3 |
| ElmoTrade with Estonia | Elmo launched a teledriven taxi service in Tallinn with German taxi platform Bliq, using licensed remote operators, and was selected by the City of Heidelberg for a German launch. | 3 |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana Media | FrodoBots ran sidewalk robots as a game in which anyone could take control of someone's robot through a browser and drive it around a real city, and open-sourced about 2,000 hours of the resulting driving as FrodoBots-2K. | 3 |
| TeleoThe Robot Report | Teleo retrofits bulldozers, wheel loaders and excavators so they can be remotely operated or run semi-autonomously, with one operator overseeing several machines from a command center that can be thousands of miles away. | 3 |
| Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7 | Contoro's truck and container unloading robots are backed by human-in-the-loop remote monitoring and teleoperation. | 2 |
| DriveU.autoDriveU.auto | Besides its teleoperation connectivity platform, DriveU.auto sells an Autonomous Terminal Tractor Retrofit Kit that converts existing port terminal fleets into autonomous vehicles, and teleoperation for defense. | 2 |
| Extend RoboticsThe AI Insider | n/a | 2 |
| FormantFormant | Formant sells an operating layer for robot fleets; its listed uses include remote inspection, fleet observability, remote support, remote diagnostics and teleoperation. | 2 |
| Halo.CarTechCrunch | Halo.Car launched driverless operations in Las Vegas, delivering rental cars to customers' doors with remote drivers at a Halo operations center and no safety driver on board (a chase car followed initially). | 2 |
| Imperium DriveParking Review (TransportXtra) | At launch the Fetch fleet had four cars, operating within a four-mile radius of Milton Keynes city centre. | 2 |
| Phantom AutoTechCrunch | n/a | 2 |
| SenseiY Combinator | Sensei says its human-demonstration collection device costs under $300, against $40,000 or more per platform for a conventional robot teleoperation setup, and collects data at a tenth of the cost and twice the speed of teleop. | 2 |
| TelexistenceRest of World | n/a | 2 |
| Tutor IntelligenceThe Robot Report | n/a | 2 |
| VoysysThe Robot Report | n/a | 2 |
| Prosper RoboticsMIT Technology Review | n/a | 1 |
Base: 21 companies, 57 facts, each linked to the page that states it (reviewed 18 Oct 2026).
Includes companies that sell teleoperation (remote driving platforms, teleoperation software and services) and companies that run large remote-operator teams for their own robots.
Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.
Figure 2
What teleoperators are paid
What do remote drivers and robot teleoperators earn, as companies and outlets state it?
| Company | Pay as stated |
|---|---|
| Astro RoboticsRest of World | An Astro Robotics employee said each tele-operator earns between $250 and $315 a month, about the same as a call center agent in the Philippines. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board) | Cobot pays its full-time Robotics Data Collection Operators in Seattle $22 an hour; they manipulate robot arms through assigned tasks to collect AI training data, on day or evening shifts on site. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board) | Cobot pays Robotics Data Collection Operators in Santa Clara $20 an hour for 40 hours a week. |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana Media | BitRobot scores contributed robot data by how much new information it adds, so novel data earns contributors more than repetitive data. |
| PrismaXPrismaX | PrismaX states it has paid more than $1 million in total to contributors of teleoperation and egocentric data. |
| VayVay (Greenhouse job board) | Vay advertises its part-time Remote Driver (teledriver) role in Las Vegas at a starting rate of $18 an hour, with potential to earn up to $25 an hour. |
Base: 6 pay figures, each as its source words it.
Pay stays in the currency and period its source gives; nothing is converted.
Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.
Figure 3
Funding, sales and shutdowns
Which teleoperation companies raised money, were sold or shut down, and when?
| Company | Event as stated |
|---|---|
| Extend RoboticsThe AI Insider | UK teleoperation company Extend Robotics raised 2.6 million pounds (pre-Series A) led by Skyworks Venture Capital Fund to expand its pay-per-result service and build a distributed remote-operator network. |
| OttopiaOttopia | Ottopia completed the sale of its defense teleoperation business to Ondas, which bought it with two other defense businesses for $56 million in aggregate (plus up to $32 million in earnouts); Ottopia keeps its commercial robotics and autonomous fleet business. |
| FernrideFernride | Quantum Systems, the German maker of unmanned aerial systems, acquired Fernride; financial terms were not disclosed. |
| Tutor IntelligenceRobotics 24/7 | Tutor Intelligence, whose warehouse robots are backed by remote teleoperators, closed a $34 million Series A led by Union Square Ventures, bringing total capital raised to $42 million. |
| VayVay | Grab signed agreements to invest $60 million in cash in Vay for a minority stake, with a potential further $350 million subject to financial and operational milestones within the first year after closing. |
| VoysysThe Robot Report | Serve Robotics acquired the assets of Phantom Auto and its Swedish teleoperation streaming subsidiary Voysys for about $5.75 million in cash; Voysys continues as a standalone teleoperation provider. |
| FernrideFernride | Fernride extended its Series A by 18 million euros, backed by Helantic, bringing total funding to 75 million euros, to take its ground autonomy platform into European defence logistics. |
| PrismaXThe Robot Report | PrismaX, which runs a teleoperation platform and operator network for robot data, launched with an $11 million round led by a16z CSX. |
| Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7 | Contoro Robotics raised a $12 million Series A from Doosan, Coupang, the Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund and IMM among others, bringing total funding to $22 million. |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotBitRobot | FrodoBots Lab raised a $6 million seed round (led by Protocol VC, per Solana Compass) for its Solana-based BitRobot network, part of $8 million total funding disclosed in February 2025. |
| TeleoThe Robot Report | Teleo raised $16.2 million in Series A extension funding, bringing its total raised since 2019 to $29.8 million. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Robotics 24/7 | Collaborative Robotics (Cobot) raised a $100 million Series B led by General Catalyst, bringing total funding to over $140 million. |
| Phantom AutoTechCrunch | Phantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations. |
| Phantom AutoTechCrunch | Phantom Auto had raised a total of $95 million before it shut down. |
| ElmoTech.eu | Tallinn-based Elmo, which develops remote control technology for cars and runs a remotely delivered rental service, raised 2.6 million euros from Highgoal Capital Management, FlyCap, Barolo Invest and SAGGIS to license its technology abroad. |
| OttopiaMarkLines | Ottopia raised a $14.5 million Series A for its teleoperation software, with ComfortDelGro, the AI Alliance Fund and existing investors MizMaa Ventures, IN Venture and Next Gear Ventures. |
Base: 16 events.
Acquisitions are listed with funding; an amount paid for several businesses together is not split.
Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.
Figure 4
Every sourced fact
What exactly has been published about each teleoperation company?
| Company | Kind | Fact |
|---|---|---|
| Astro RoboticsRest of World | Where operators work | Astro Robotics staff in an office in Manila's financial district monitor and remotely control, around the clock, Telexistence robots restocking convenience store shelves in Japan; about 60 people were at work there when Rest of World visited. |
| Astro RoboticsRest of World | Operators | Each Astro Robotics tele-operator (called a pilot) monitors around 50 robots at a time and takes over with a VR headset and joysticks when a robot fails. |
| Astro RoboticsRest of World | Pay to operators | An Astro Robotics employee said each tele-operator earns between $250 and $315 a month, about the same as a call center agent in the Philippines. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board) | Pay to operators | Cobot pays its full-time Robotics Data Collection Operators in Seattle $22 an hour; they manipulate robot arms through assigned tasks to collect AI training data, on day or evening shifts on site. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board) | Pay to operators | Cobot pays Robotics Data Collection Operators in Santa Clara $20 an hour for 40 hours a week. |
| Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Robotics 24/7 | Funding or sale | Collaborative Robotics (Cobot) raised a $100 million Series B led by General Catalyst, bringing total funding to over $140 million. |
| Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7 | Funding or sale | Contoro Robotics raised a $12 million Series A from Doosan, Coupang, the Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund and IMM among others, bringing total funding to $22 million. |
| Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7 | What it offers | Contoro's truck and container unloading robots are backed by human-in-the-loop remote monitoring and teleoperation. |
| DriveU.autoDriveU.auto | What it offers | Besides its teleoperation connectivity platform, DriveU.auto sells an Autonomous Terminal Tractor Retrofit Kit that converts existing port terminal fleets into autonomous vehicles, and teleoperation for defense. |
| DriveU.autoThe Robot Report | Named customer | Serve Robotics deployed DriveU.auto's teleoperation connectivity platform in its commercial delivery robot fleet to monitor and supervise robots remotely, as it deploys up to 2,000 robots on Uber Eats. |
| ElmoTrade with Estonia | Where operators work | Elmo says its remote driving technology operates in Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Canada and Ukraine, with Germany next. |
| ElmoTrade with Estonia | Launch | Elmo launched a teledriven taxi service in Tallinn with German taxi platform Bliq, using licensed remote operators, and was selected by the City of Heidelberg for a German launch. |
| ElmoTech.eu | Funding or sale | Tallinn-based Elmo, which develops remote control technology for cars and runs a remotely delivered rental service, raised 2.6 million euros from Highgoal Capital Management, FlyCap, Barolo Invest and SAGGIS to license its technology abroad. |
| Extend RoboticsThe AI Insider | Funding or sale | UK teleoperation company Extend Robotics raised 2.6 million pounds (pre-Series A) led by Skyworks Venture Capital Fund to expand its pay-per-result service and build a distributed remote-operator network. |
| Extend RoboticsThe AI Insider | Named customer | Extend Robotics reported 35 subscription customers for its AMAS teleoperation platform across four sales regions in automotive, aerospace, nuclear, robotics and agriculture. |
| FernrideFernride | Funding or sale | Quantum Systems, the German maker of unmanned aerial systems, acquired Fernride; financial terms were not disclosed. |
| FernrideFernride | Funding or sale | Fernride extended its Series A by 18 million euros, backed by Helantic, bringing total funding to 75 million euros, to take its ground autonomy platform into European defence logistics. |
| FernrideFernride | Named customer | Fernride names HHLA, Volkswagen and DB Schenker as customers for its civilian logistics automation. |
| FernrideFernride | Regulation | Fernride became the first company to receive TUV SUD certification for an autonomous terminal tractor under the EU Machinery Directive, and with Estonian Transport Administration approval began moving to driverless operation at HHLA TK Estonia near Tallinn. |
| FernrideFernride | What it offers | Fernride's terminal tractors run most tasks autonomously while a remote operator oversees them, assists with exceptions or takes over driving when needed. |
| FormantFormant | What it offers | Formant sells an operating layer for robot fleets; its listed uses include remote inspection, fleet observability, remote support, remote diagnostics and teleoperation. |
| FormantFormant | Named customer | Formant says its robot operations platform, which includes teleoperation, has run across 644 production organizations, per its platform telemetry as of May 2026. |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana Media | What it offers | FrodoBots ran sidewalk robots as a game in which anyone could take control of someone's robot through a browser and drive it around a real city, and open-sourced about 2,000 hours of the resulting driving as FrodoBots-2K. |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana Media | Pay to operators | BitRobot scores contributed robot data by how much new information it adds, so novel data earns contributors more than repetitive data. |
| FrodoBots / BitRobotBitRobot | Funding or sale | FrodoBots Lab raised a $6 million seed round (led by Protocol VC, per Solana Compass) for its Solana-based BitRobot network, part of $8 million total funding disclosed in February 2025. |
| Halo.CarDigital Dealer (press release) | Named customer | Halo.Car opened its remote driving technology to outside fleets through a beta program, naming EV rental companies EV Access and Joulez and EV leasing company Spring Free EV as the first participants. |
| Halo.CarTechCrunch | Launch | Halo.Car launched driverless operations in Las Vegas, delivering rental cars to customers' doors with remote drivers at a Halo operations center and no safety driver on board (a chase car followed initially). |
| Imperium DriveParking Review (TransportXtra) | What it offers | At launch the Fetch fleet had four cars, operating within a four-mile radius of Milton Keynes city centre. |
| Imperium DriveAutocar | Launch | Imperium Drive launched Fetch in Milton Keynes after 18 months of trials, described as the first commercial remote driving service of its kind: cars are delivered to the customer by a remote operator in an office and collected remotely after the rental. |
| OttopiaOttopia | Funding or sale | Ottopia completed the sale of its defense teleoperation business to Ondas, which bought it with two other defense businesses for $56 million in aggregate (plus up to $32 million in earnouts); Ottopia keeps its commercial robotics and autonomous fleet business. |
| OttopiaOttopia | Where operators work | Ottopia is headquartered in Israel and supports customers across the United States, Europe and Asia. |
| OttopiaOttopia | What it offers | Ottopia sells a teleoperation platform for military unmanned ground vehicles, as turnkey systems embedded by OEMs or as retrofit kits, and set up a U.S. subsidiary to expand its defence business. |
| OttopiaMarkLines | Funding or sale | Ottopia raised a $14.5 million Series A for its teleoperation software, with ComfortDelGro, the AI Alliance Fund and existing investors MizMaa Ventures, IN Venture and Next Gear Ventures. |
| Phantom AutoTechCrunch | Shutdown | Phantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations. |
| Phantom AutoTechCrunch | Funding or sale | Phantom Auto had raised a total of $95 million before it shut down. |
| PrismaXPrismaX | Pay to operators | PrismaX states it has paid more than $1 million in total to contributors of teleoperation and egocentric data. |
| PrismaXPrismaX | Operators | PrismaX recruits owner-operators to run teleoperation sessions on their own robots, alongside skilled operators who teleoperate robot arms and humanoids through real tasks. |
| PrismaXThe Robot Report | Launch | PrismaX launched its browser teleoperation platform, letting users log in and remotely operate a robotic arm, at its first RoboCon event. |
| PrismaXThe Robot Report | Funding or sale | PrismaX, which runs a teleoperation platform and operator network for robot data, launched with an $11 million round led by a16z CSX. |
| Prosper RoboticsMIT Technology Review | Where operators work | Prosper's founder expects its home robot Alfie to handle only about 20% of tasks on its own at first, with the rest done by a team of remote assistants, at least some based in the Philippines, who can remotely control it. |
| SenseiY Combinator | Operators | Sensei (Y Combinator) runs a network of paid human operators who use its low-cost collection hardware to fulfil robot data requests from robotics companies. |
| SenseiY Combinator | What it offers | Sensei says its human-demonstration collection device costs under $300, against $40,000 or more per platform for a conventional robot teleoperation setup, and collects data at a tenth of the cost and twice the speed of teleop. |
| TeleoThe Robot Report | Funding or sale | Teleo raised $16.2 million in Series A extension funding, bringing its total raised since 2019 to $29.8 million. |
| TeleoThe Robot Report | Named customer | Teleo announced new orders for 34 retrofitted machines from 9 new customers in pulp and paper, logging, port logistics, munition clearing and agriculture. |
| TeleoThe Robot Report | What it offers | Teleo retrofits bulldozers, wheel loaders and excavators so they can be remotely operated or run semi-autonomously, with one operator overseeing several machines from a command center that can be thousands of miles away. |
| TelexistenceRest of World | Named customer | Telexistence has deployed its remotely supervised shelf-restocking robots in the back rooms of more than 300 FamilyMart and Lawson stores in Tokyo since 2022, and plans to use them in 7-Elevens. |
| TelexistenceRest of World | Named customer | Telexistence is providing data from its remotely operated store robots to Physical Intelligence to help develop robot foundation models. |
| Tutor IntelligenceThe Robot Report | Where operators work | Tutor Intelligence's 100-robot Data Factory in Watertown, Massachusetts is supervised by 45 to 50 remote tutors in Mexico and the Philippines using proprioceptive teleoperation, plus on-site staff. |
| Tutor IntelligenceRobotics 24/7 | Funding or sale | Tutor Intelligence, whose warehouse robots are backed by remote teleoperators, closed a $34 million Series A led by Union Square Ventures, bringing total capital raised to $42 million. |
| VayVay (Greenhouse job board) | Pay to operators | Vay advertises its part-time Remote Driver (teledriver) role in Las Vegas at a starting rate of $18 an hour, with potential to earn up to $25 an hour. |
| VayVay | Where operators work | Vay opened a new Remote Driving Center office inside the Zappos campus in Downtown Las Vegas, housing its Remote Driver teams, while its vehicle production facility is in Henderson, Nevada. |
| VayVay | Operators | Vay said it had grown to 175 vehicles and more than 60,000 rides in Las Vegas and planned to increase the number of Las Vegas-based Remote Drivers in 2026. |
| Vayheise online | Regulation | Germany's Road Traffic Remote Driving Regulation (StVFernLV) came into force on December 1, 2025, allowing vehicles to be driven remotely from control centres during a five-year test phase; before it, remote driving in Germany needed individual exemption permits, which Vay had relied on. |
| VayVay | Funding or sale | Grab signed agreements to invest $60 million in cash in Vay for a minority stake, with a potential further $350 million subject to financial and operational milestones within the first year after closing. |
| VayVay | Launch | Vay launched its first commercial service in Las Vegas: electric rental cars delivered to and collected from customers by remote drivers (teledrivers) working from a teledrive center, initially around UNLV and the Arts District. |
| VoysysThe Robot Report | Funding or sale | Serve Robotics acquired the assets of Phantom Auto and its Swedish teleoperation streaming subsidiary Voysys for about $5.75 million in cash; Voysys continues as a standalone teleoperation provider. |
| VoysysThe Robot Report | Named customer | Voysys clients that Serve Robotics plans to keep serving include a major European commercial vehicle manufacturer, a middle-mile autonomous trucking company and agricultural robotics company Maniro AI; Serve itself was a Voysys customer before the purchase. |
Base: All 57 facts.
Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.
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The raw records
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How it was measured
The companies' own pages and announcements, regulators and reporting by major outlets, each linked beside its fact with a verbatim quote kept in the dataset. Each row carries a link to its publication and gives the number exactly as published, with no estimates or conversions. A note under every figure says what it covers.
- Teleoperation
- Operating a vehicle or robot from a distance, over a network, from a control station or a VR headset.
- Stated or reported
- Stated: the company, a regulator or an official page says it. Reported: an outlet reports it from sources the company has not confirmed.
Limits of this data
- Built only from public sources. Anything never announced or reported is absent, and private-company figures are whatever the company or the press said, unaudited.
- Companies publish unevenly, so the number of facts reflects what is public, not a company's size.
- Pay figures are offers as stated, not measured earnings.
Collection and classification of listings are explained on the methodology page. Freshness, completeness and consistency are tested daily in the data quality report.
Monthly editions
The live page shows the dataset as of its latest review, and new events join it once they are made public. Every finished month also gets its own edition, locked two days after month end, so a number quoted from it stays fixed.
- Live pageLatest review
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Citation
RobotTraining.jobs (2026). Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding (live data, 10 Jan 2023 to 18 Oct 2026). https://robottraining.jobs/research/teleoperation-companies (accessed 18 Oct 2026)
BibTeX
@misc{robottrainingjobs_teleoperation_companies_live,
author = {{RobotTraining.jobs}},
title = {Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding (live data, 10 Jan 2023 to 18 Oct 2026)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://robottraining.jobs/research/teleoperation-companies}},
note = {Accessed 18 Oct 2026},
}Files: every figure in one CSV (a row per value) or as JSON. Each figure can also be downloaded separately. Other open data: datasets and API.
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