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Research · Compiled from public sources

Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding

21 companies run remote driving or remote robot operation as a service or at scale; 57 facts about their offerings, operators, pay, funding and rules are on record, each linked to its source.

Covers
10 Jan 2023 to 18 Oct 2026
Dated by when each event occurred
Calculated
18 Oct 2026, 20:07 UTC
Sources last checked 18 Oct 2026
Where it comes from
The companies' own pages and announcements, regulators and reporting by major outlets, each linked beside its fact with a verbatim quote kept in the dataset.
Method
Revision 1. Terms defined
CC BY 4.0, citing this report
Every figure as CSVJSON

What the data shows

  1. 1

    Vay is the most documented teleoperation company (6 sourced facts).

    Figure 1
  2. 2

    6 published pay figures for teleoperators from 5 companies.

    Figure 2
  3. 3

    6 companies say where their operators sit; Astro Robotics, Elmo and Ottopia are among them.

    Figure 1
  4. 4

    Shutdown on record: Phantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations.

    Figure 3

Figure 1

The teleoperation companies and what each runs

Which companies run remote driving or remote robot operation, where do their operators work and what are they paid?

CompanyWhat it offersSourced facts
VayVayVay launched its first commercial service in Las Vegas: electric rental cars delivered to and collected from customers by remote drivers (teledrivers) working from a teledrive center, initially around UNLV and the Arts District.
6
FernrideFernrideFernride's terminal tractors run most tasks autonomously while a remote operator oversees them, assists with exceptions or takes over driving when needed.
5
OttopiaOttopiaOttopia sells a teleoperation platform for military unmanned ground vehicles, as turnkey systems embedded by OEMs or as retrofit kits, and set up a U.S. subsidiary to expand its defence business.
4
PrismaXThe Robot ReportPrismaX launched its browser teleoperation platform, letting users log in and remotely operate a robotic arm, at its first RoboCon event.
4
Astro RoboticsRest of Worldn/a
3
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board)n/a
3
ElmoTrade with EstoniaElmo launched a teledriven taxi service in Tallinn with German taxi platform Bliq, using licensed remote operators, and was selected by the City of Heidelberg for a German launch.
3
FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana MediaFrodoBots ran sidewalk robots as a game in which anyone could take control of someone's robot through a browser and drive it around a real city, and open-sourced about 2,000 hours of the resulting driving as FrodoBots-2K.
3
TeleoThe Robot ReportTeleo retrofits bulldozers, wheel loaders and excavators so they can be remotely operated or run semi-autonomously, with one operator overseeing several machines from a command center that can be thousands of miles away.
3
Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7Contoro's truck and container unloading robots are backed by human-in-the-loop remote monitoring and teleoperation.
2
DriveU.autoDriveU.autoBesides its teleoperation connectivity platform, DriveU.auto sells an Autonomous Terminal Tractor Retrofit Kit that converts existing port terminal fleets into autonomous vehicles, and teleoperation for defense.
2
Extend RoboticsThe AI Insidern/a
2
FormantFormantFormant sells an operating layer for robot fleets; its listed uses include remote inspection, fleet observability, remote support, remote diagnostics and teleoperation.
2
Halo.CarTechCrunchHalo.Car launched driverless operations in Las Vegas, delivering rental cars to customers' doors with remote drivers at a Halo operations center and no safety driver on board (a chase car followed initially).
2
Imperium DriveParking Review (TransportXtra)At launch the Fetch fleet had four cars, operating within a four-mile radius of Milton Keynes city centre.
2
Phantom AutoTechCrunchn/a
2
SenseiY CombinatorSensei says its human-demonstration collection device costs under $300, against $40,000 or more per platform for a conventional robot teleoperation setup, and collects data at a tenth of the cost and twice the speed of teleop.
2
TelexistenceRest of Worldn/a
2
Tutor IntelligenceThe Robot Reportn/a
2
VoysysThe Robot Reportn/a
2
Prosper RoboticsMIT Technology Reviewn/a
1

Base: 21 companies, 57 facts, each linked to the page that states it (reviewed 18 Oct 2026).

Includes companies that sell teleoperation (remote driving platforms, teleoperation software and services) and companies that run large remote-operator teams for their own robots.

Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.

CSV

Figure 2

What teleoperators are paid

What do remote drivers and robot teleoperators earn, as companies and outlets state it?

CompanyPay as stated
Astro RoboticsRest of WorldAn Astro Robotics employee said each tele-operator earns between $250 and $315 a month, about the same as a call center agent in the Philippines.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board)Cobot pays its full-time Robotics Data Collection Operators in Seattle $22 an hour; they manipulate robot arms through assigned tasks to collect AI training data, on day or evening shifts on site.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board)Cobot pays Robotics Data Collection Operators in Santa Clara $20 an hour for 40 hours a week.
FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana MediaBitRobot scores contributed robot data by how much new information it adds, so novel data earns contributors more than repetitive data.
PrismaXPrismaXPrismaX states it has paid more than $1 million in total to contributors of teleoperation and egocentric data.
VayVay (Greenhouse job board)Vay advertises its part-time Remote Driver (teledriver) role in Las Vegas at a starting rate of $18 an hour, with potential to earn up to $25 an hour.

Base: 6 pay figures, each as its source words it.

Pay stays in the currency and period its source gives; nothing is converted.

Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.

CSV

Figure 3

Funding, sales and shutdowns

Which teleoperation companies raised money, were sold or shut down, and when?

CompanyEvent as stated
Extend RoboticsThe AI InsiderUK teleoperation company Extend Robotics raised 2.6 million pounds (pre-Series A) led by Skyworks Venture Capital Fund to expand its pay-per-result service and build a distributed remote-operator network.
OttopiaOttopiaOttopia completed the sale of its defense teleoperation business to Ondas, which bought it with two other defense businesses for $56 million in aggregate (plus up to $32 million in earnouts); Ottopia keeps its commercial robotics and autonomous fleet business.
FernrideFernrideQuantum Systems, the German maker of unmanned aerial systems, acquired Fernride; financial terms were not disclosed.
Tutor IntelligenceRobotics 24/7Tutor Intelligence, whose warehouse robots are backed by remote teleoperators, closed a $34 million Series A led by Union Square Ventures, bringing total capital raised to $42 million.
VayVayGrab signed agreements to invest $60 million in cash in Vay for a minority stake, with a potential further $350 million subject to financial and operational milestones within the first year after closing.
VoysysThe Robot ReportServe Robotics acquired the assets of Phantom Auto and its Swedish teleoperation streaming subsidiary Voysys for about $5.75 million in cash; Voysys continues as a standalone teleoperation provider.
FernrideFernrideFernride extended its Series A by 18 million euros, backed by Helantic, bringing total funding to 75 million euros, to take its ground autonomy platform into European defence logistics.
PrismaXThe Robot ReportPrismaX, which runs a teleoperation platform and operator network for robot data, launched with an $11 million round led by a16z CSX.
Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7Contoro Robotics raised a $12 million Series A from Doosan, Coupang, the Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund and IMM among others, bringing total funding to $22 million.
FrodoBots / BitRobotBitRobotFrodoBots Lab raised a $6 million seed round (led by Protocol VC, per Solana Compass) for its Solana-based BitRobot network, part of $8 million total funding disclosed in February 2025.
TeleoThe Robot ReportTeleo raised $16.2 million in Series A extension funding, bringing its total raised since 2019 to $29.8 million.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Robotics 24/7Collaborative Robotics (Cobot) raised a $100 million Series B led by General Catalyst, bringing total funding to over $140 million.
Phantom AutoTechCrunchPhantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations.
Phantom AutoTechCrunchPhantom Auto had raised a total of $95 million before it shut down.
ElmoTech.euTallinn-based Elmo, which develops remote control technology for cars and runs a remotely delivered rental service, raised 2.6 million euros from Highgoal Capital Management, FlyCap, Barolo Invest and SAGGIS to license its technology abroad.
OttopiaMarkLinesOttopia raised a $14.5 million Series A for its teleoperation software, with ComfortDelGro, the AI Alliance Fund and existing investors MizMaa Ventures, IN Venture and Next Gear Ventures.

Base: 16 events.

Acquisitions are listed with funding; an amount paid for several businesses together is not split.

Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.

CSV

Figure 4

Every sourced fact

What exactly has been published about each teleoperation company?

CompanyKindFact
Astro RoboticsRest of WorldWhere operators workAstro Robotics staff in an office in Manila's financial district monitor and remotely control, around the clock, Telexistence robots restocking convenience store shelves in Japan; about 60 people were at work there when Rest of World visited.
Astro RoboticsRest of WorldOperatorsEach Astro Robotics tele-operator (called a pilot) monitors around 50 robots at a time and takes over with a VR headset and joysticks when a robot fails.
Astro RoboticsRest of WorldPay to operatorsAn Astro Robotics employee said each tele-operator earns between $250 and $315 a month, about the same as a call center agent in the Philippines.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board)Pay to operatorsCobot pays its full-time Robotics Data Collection Operators in Seattle $22 an hour; they manipulate robot arms through assigned tasks to collect AI training data, on day or evening shifts on site.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Cobot (Ashby job board)Pay to operatorsCobot pays Robotics Data Collection Operators in Santa Clara $20 an hour for 40 hours a week.
Cobot (Collaborative Robotics)Robotics 24/7Funding or saleCollaborative Robotics (Cobot) raised a $100 million Series B led by General Catalyst, bringing total funding to over $140 million.
Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7Funding or saleContoro Robotics raised a $12 million Series A from Doosan, Coupang, the Amazon Industrial Innovation Fund and IMM among others, bringing total funding to $22 million.
Contoro RoboticsRobotics 24/7What it offersContoro's truck and container unloading robots are backed by human-in-the-loop remote monitoring and teleoperation.
DriveU.autoDriveU.autoWhat it offersBesides its teleoperation connectivity platform, DriveU.auto sells an Autonomous Terminal Tractor Retrofit Kit that converts existing port terminal fleets into autonomous vehicles, and teleoperation for defense.
DriveU.autoThe Robot ReportNamed customerServe Robotics deployed DriveU.auto's teleoperation connectivity platform in its commercial delivery robot fleet to monitor and supervise robots remotely, as it deploys up to 2,000 robots on Uber Eats.
ElmoTrade with EstoniaWhere operators workElmo says its remote driving technology operates in Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Canada and Ukraine, with Germany next.
ElmoTrade with EstoniaLaunchElmo launched a teledriven taxi service in Tallinn with German taxi platform Bliq, using licensed remote operators, and was selected by the City of Heidelberg for a German launch.
ElmoTech.euFunding or saleTallinn-based Elmo, which develops remote control technology for cars and runs a remotely delivered rental service, raised 2.6 million euros from Highgoal Capital Management, FlyCap, Barolo Invest and SAGGIS to license its technology abroad.
Extend RoboticsThe AI InsiderFunding or saleUK teleoperation company Extend Robotics raised 2.6 million pounds (pre-Series A) led by Skyworks Venture Capital Fund to expand its pay-per-result service and build a distributed remote-operator network.
Extend RoboticsThe AI InsiderNamed customerExtend Robotics reported 35 subscription customers for its AMAS teleoperation platform across four sales regions in automotive, aerospace, nuclear, robotics and agriculture.
FernrideFernrideFunding or saleQuantum Systems, the German maker of unmanned aerial systems, acquired Fernride; financial terms were not disclosed.
FernrideFernrideFunding or saleFernride extended its Series A by 18 million euros, backed by Helantic, bringing total funding to 75 million euros, to take its ground autonomy platform into European defence logistics.
FernrideFernrideNamed customerFernride names HHLA, Volkswagen and DB Schenker as customers for its civilian logistics automation.
FernrideFernrideRegulationFernride became the first company to receive TUV SUD certification for an autonomous terminal tractor under the EU Machinery Directive, and with Estonian Transport Administration approval began moving to driverless operation at HHLA TK Estonia near Tallinn.
FernrideFernrideWhat it offersFernride's terminal tractors run most tasks autonomously while a remote operator oversees them, assists with exceptions or takes over driving when needed.
FormantFormantWhat it offersFormant sells an operating layer for robot fleets; its listed uses include remote inspection, fleet observability, remote support, remote diagnostics and teleoperation.
FormantFormantNamed customerFormant says its robot operations platform, which includes teleoperation, has run across 644 production organizations, per its platform telemetry as of May 2026.
FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana MediaWhat it offersFrodoBots ran sidewalk robots as a game in which anyone could take control of someone's robot through a browser and drive it around a real city, and open-sourced about 2,000 hours of the resulting driving as FrodoBots-2K.
FrodoBots / BitRobotSolana MediaPay to operatorsBitRobot scores contributed robot data by how much new information it adds, so novel data earns contributors more than repetitive data.
FrodoBots / BitRobotBitRobotFunding or saleFrodoBots Lab raised a $6 million seed round (led by Protocol VC, per Solana Compass) for its Solana-based BitRobot network, part of $8 million total funding disclosed in February 2025.
Halo.CarDigital Dealer (press release)Named customerHalo.Car opened its remote driving technology to outside fleets through a beta program, naming EV rental companies EV Access and Joulez and EV leasing company Spring Free EV as the first participants.
Halo.CarTechCrunchLaunchHalo.Car launched driverless operations in Las Vegas, delivering rental cars to customers' doors with remote drivers at a Halo operations center and no safety driver on board (a chase car followed initially).
Imperium DriveParking Review (TransportXtra)What it offersAt launch the Fetch fleet had four cars, operating within a four-mile radius of Milton Keynes city centre.
Imperium DriveAutocarLaunchImperium Drive launched Fetch in Milton Keynes after 18 months of trials, described as the first commercial remote driving service of its kind: cars are delivered to the customer by a remote operator in an office and collected remotely after the rental.
OttopiaOttopiaFunding or saleOttopia completed the sale of its defense teleoperation business to Ondas, which bought it with two other defense businesses for $56 million in aggregate (plus up to $32 million in earnouts); Ottopia keeps its commercial robotics and autonomous fleet business.
OttopiaOttopiaWhere operators workOttopia is headquartered in Israel and supports customers across the United States, Europe and Asia.
OttopiaOttopiaWhat it offersOttopia sells a teleoperation platform for military unmanned ground vehicles, as turnkey systems embedded by OEMs or as retrofit kits, and set up a U.S. subsidiary to expand its defence business.
OttopiaMarkLinesFunding or saleOttopia raised a $14.5 million Series A for its teleoperation software, with ComfortDelGro, the AI Alliance Fund and existing investors MizMaa Ventures, IN Venture and Next Gear Ventures.
Phantom AutoTechCrunchShutdownPhantom Auto, which built a teleoperation platform letting remote drivers operate vehicles from far away, shut down after failing to secure new funding; its founder and CEO said it was ceasing operations.
Phantom AutoTechCrunchFunding or salePhantom Auto had raised a total of $95 million before it shut down.
PrismaXPrismaXPay to operatorsPrismaX states it has paid more than $1 million in total to contributors of teleoperation and egocentric data.
PrismaXPrismaXOperatorsPrismaX recruits owner-operators to run teleoperation sessions on their own robots, alongside skilled operators who teleoperate robot arms and humanoids through real tasks.
PrismaXThe Robot ReportLaunchPrismaX launched its browser teleoperation platform, letting users log in and remotely operate a robotic arm, at its first RoboCon event.
PrismaXThe Robot ReportFunding or salePrismaX, which runs a teleoperation platform and operator network for robot data, launched with an $11 million round led by a16z CSX.
Prosper RoboticsMIT Technology ReviewWhere operators workProsper's founder expects its home robot Alfie to handle only about 20% of tasks on its own at first, with the rest done by a team of remote assistants, at least some based in the Philippines, who can remotely control it.
SenseiY CombinatorOperatorsSensei (Y Combinator) runs a network of paid human operators who use its low-cost collection hardware to fulfil robot data requests from robotics companies.
SenseiY CombinatorWhat it offersSensei says its human-demonstration collection device costs under $300, against $40,000 or more per platform for a conventional robot teleoperation setup, and collects data at a tenth of the cost and twice the speed of teleop.
TeleoThe Robot ReportFunding or saleTeleo raised $16.2 million in Series A extension funding, bringing its total raised since 2019 to $29.8 million.
TeleoThe Robot ReportNamed customerTeleo announced new orders for 34 retrofitted machines from 9 new customers in pulp and paper, logging, port logistics, munition clearing and agriculture.
TeleoThe Robot ReportWhat it offersTeleo retrofits bulldozers, wheel loaders and excavators so they can be remotely operated or run semi-autonomously, with one operator overseeing several machines from a command center that can be thousands of miles away.
TelexistenceRest of WorldNamed customerTelexistence has deployed its remotely supervised shelf-restocking robots in the back rooms of more than 300 FamilyMart and Lawson stores in Tokyo since 2022, and plans to use them in 7-Elevens.
TelexistenceRest of WorldNamed customerTelexistence is providing data from its remotely operated store robots to Physical Intelligence to help develop robot foundation models.
Tutor IntelligenceThe Robot ReportWhere operators workTutor Intelligence's 100-robot Data Factory in Watertown, Massachusetts is supervised by 45 to 50 remote tutors in Mexico and the Philippines using proprioceptive teleoperation, plus on-site staff.
Tutor IntelligenceRobotics 24/7Funding or saleTutor Intelligence, whose warehouse robots are backed by remote teleoperators, closed a $34 million Series A led by Union Square Ventures, bringing total capital raised to $42 million.
VayVay (Greenhouse job board)Pay to operatorsVay advertises its part-time Remote Driver (teledriver) role in Las Vegas at a starting rate of $18 an hour, with potential to earn up to $25 an hour.
VayVayWhere operators workVay opened a new Remote Driving Center office inside the Zappos campus in Downtown Las Vegas, housing its Remote Driver teams, while its vehicle production facility is in Henderson, Nevada.
VayVayOperatorsVay said it had grown to 175 vehicles and more than 60,000 rides in Las Vegas and planned to increase the number of Las Vegas-based Remote Drivers in 2026.
Vayheise onlineRegulationGermany's Road Traffic Remote Driving Regulation (StVFernLV) came into force on December 1, 2025, allowing vehicles to be driven remotely from control centres during a five-year test phase; before it, remote driving in Germany needed individual exemption permits, which Vay had relied on.
VayVayFunding or saleGrab signed agreements to invest $60 million in cash in Vay for a minority stake, with a potential further $350 million subject to financial and operational milestones within the first year after closing.
VayVayLaunchVay launched its first commercial service in Las Vegas: electric rental cars delivered to and collected from customers by remote drivers (teledrivers) working from a teledrive center, initially around UNLV and the Arts District.
VoysysThe Robot ReportFunding or saleServe Robotics acquired the assets of Phantom Auto and its Swedish teleoperation streaming subsidiary Voysys for about $5.75 million in cash; Voysys continues as a standalone teleoperation provider.
VoysysThe Robot ReportNamed customerVoysys clients that Serve Robotics plans to keep serving include a major European commercial vehicle manufacturer, a middle-mile autonomous trucking company and agricultural robotics company Maniro AI; Serve itself was a Voysys customer before the purchase.

Base: All 57 facts.

Credit: compiled by RobotTraining.jobs Research, Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding, checked 18 Oct 2026.

CSV

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How it was measured

The companies' own pages and announcements, regulators and reporting by major outlets, each linked beside its fact with a verbatim quote kept in the dataset. Each row carries a link to its publication and gives the number exactly as published, with no estimates or conversions. A note under every figure says what it covers.

Teleoperation
Operating a vehicle or robot from a distance, over a network, from a control station or a VR headset.
Stated or reported
Stated: the company, a regulator or an official page says it. Reported: an outlet reports it from sources the company has not confirmed.

Limits of this data

  • Built only from public sources. Anything never announced or reported is absent, and private-company figures are whatever the company or the press said, unaudited.
  • Companies publish unevenly, so the number of facts reflects what is public, not a company's size.
  • Pay figures are offers as stated, not measured earnings.

Collection and classification of listings are explained on the methodology page. Freshness, completeness and consistency are tested daily in the data quality report.

Monthly editions

The live page shows the dataset as of its latest review, and new events join it once they are made public. Every finished month also gets its own edition, locked two days after month end, so a number quoted from it stays fixed.

Quoting this report

You may quote, chart or republish these figures under CC BY 4.0, provided you link back to this page. The live numbers shift every day. For a figure that stays put, quote a monthly edition, or note the date you accessed this page.

Citation

RobotTraining.jobs (2026). Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding (live data, 10 Jan 2023 to 18 Oct 2026). https://robottraining.jobs/research/teleoperation-companies (accessed 18 Oct 2026)

BibTeX

@misc{robottrainingjobs_teleoperation_companies_live,
  author = {{RobotTraining.jobs}},
  title = {Teleoperation Companies: Remote Driving and Remote Robot Operators, Pay and Funding (live data, 10 Jan 2023 to 18 Oct 2026)},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://robottraining.jobs/research/teleoperation-companies}},
  note = {Accessed 18 Oct 2026},
}

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