Key findings
- 1
The lowest hourly earnings measured are $15 an hour (The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at home, 2026); open robot training roles advertise a median of $26 an hour today.
- 2
11 studies and investigations from 2026 are recorded, with 43 figures.
- 3
具身智能的数据饥渴:数采员、工厂与劳务中介的“数据基建”运动 (Embodied AI's data hunger: data collectors, factories and labour agencies) (2026): trial-training pay forfeited (unpaid) if the trainee quits, 200 yuan a day, but nothing is paid if the trainee leaves during the three-day training.
- 4
China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a time (2026) estimates planned workforce size (external workers) at 500,000 external workers.
Figure 1
What the studies found
What have researchers and reporters measured about pay and conditions in robot data and operator work?
| Study | Year | Measure | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing's First Robot Data Factory Went Quiet After 17 MonthsChina AI Dispatch | 2026 | daily pay (data plant collectors) | 200 yuan a day |
| Beijing's First Robot Data Factory Went Quiet After 17 MonthsChina AI Dispatch | 2026 | usable data hours per eight-hour shift | roughly one hour of usable data per full eight-hour shift |
| Beijing's First Robot Data Factory Went Quiet After 17 MonthsChina AI Dispatch | 2026 | hourly crowdsourced rate | 35 yuan an hour, down from 45 yuan an hour |
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | hourly pay | 20 yuan ($3) per hour |
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | daily hours filming chores | six hours a day |
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | planned workforce size (external workers) | 500,000 external workers |
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | planned workforce size (JD.com employees) | 100,000 employees |
| In Chinese data factories, workers teach humanoid robots boring tasksRest of World | 2026 | workforce size (robot trainers in China) | hundreds of robot trainers across China |
| In Chinese data factories, workers teach humanoid robots boring tasksRest of World | 2026 | state-owned robot data collection centres announced | more than 40 announced by December, about two dozen in operation |
| In Chinese data factories, workers teach humanoid robots boring tasksRest of World | 2026 | repetitions of one movement per day | hundreds of times a day |
| In India, workers supplement their income by filming daily tasks to help train AI roboticsBusiness Today | 2026 | hourly pay for wearing a camera at work | another ₹150 per hour, on top of about ₹20,000 a month from sorting plastic |
| The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at homeMIT Technology Review | 2026 | hourly pay | $15 an hour |
| The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at homeMIT Technology Review | 2026 | workforce size (micro1 contract recorders) | thousands of contract workers in more than 50 countries |
| The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at homeMIT Technology Review | 2026 | time spent producing one 15-minute video | an hour to make a 15-minute video |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | hourly pay | 250 rupees an hour (just over two dollars for an hour of video) |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | videos recorded per day | around 90 videos a day, each about four minutes |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | workforce size (one subcontractor's contributors) | 2,000 contributors |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | workforce size (AI system trainers in India) | a growing army of thousands |
| 具身智能的数据饥渴:数采员、工厂与劳务中介的“数据基建”运动 (Embodied AI's data hunger: data collectors, factories and labour agencies)woshipm.com | 2026 | daily base pay | 200 yuan a day base; 80 yuan more for two hours of overtime; over 300 yuan with transport allowance; 100 yuan more on night shifts |
| 具身智能的数据饥渴:数采员、工厂与劳务中介的“数据基建”运动 (Embodied AI's data hunger: data collectors, factories and labour agencies)woshipm.com | 2026 | trial-training pay forfeited (unpaid) if the trainee quits | 200 yuan a day, but nothing is paid if the trainee leaves during the three-day training |
| 具身智能的数据饥渴:数采员、工厂与劳务中介的“数据基建”运动 (Embodied AI's data hunger: data collectors, factories and labour agencies)woshipm.com | 2026 | hourly subsidy paid to factory workers wearing capture devices | 10 to 40 yuan an hour, depending on the setting |
| 具身智能的数据饥渴:数采员、工厂与劳务中介的“数据基建”运动 (Embodied AI's data hunger: data collectors, factories and labour agencies)woshipm.com | 2026 | minimum weekly filming hours required (home collection) | more than 20 hours a week, for a claimed 100 yuan a day |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | daily pay advertised | 240 yuan a day |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | daily pay | 250 yuan a day |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | daily hours on the clock (new recruits) | 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., of which only about 6 hours can be filmed |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | time to put on the capture rig | half an hour each time (minutes) |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | monthly pay (robot data QC reviewers) | over 10,000 yuan a month |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | monthly pay advertised (technical or on-site data collection roles) | 8,000 to 15,000 yuan a month; over 20,000 yuan for senior or managerial roles |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | daily pay (teleoperator, night shift) | 370 yuan a day |
| 我给机器人当“燃料”:叠衣服时薪30元,卖数据估值150亿 (I am fuel for robots: 30 yuan an hour to fold clothes)36Kr | 2026 | hourly pay vs data sale price | 30 yuan an hour paid to collectors; resold to robot companies at 300 to 500 yuan an hour |
| 揭秘具身数据产业链:一家数据公司的独角兽之路 (Inside the embodied-data supply chain)36Kr | 2026 | effective hourly pay vs advertised (home collectors) | about 17 yuan an hour effective, against 30 yuan an hour advertised; 3,000 to 4,000 yuan a month |
| 揭秘具身数据产业链:一家数据公司的独角兽之路 (Inside the embodied-data supply chain)36Kr | 2026 | hourly pay (robot teleoperators) | over 300 yuan a day, over 75 yuan an hour |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | hourly pay offered for home data collection | 30 yuan an hour |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | daily earnings | about 120 yuan a day, from at least 8 hours of filming of which under half counted as effective |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | daily pay advertised (teleoperating robots at a collection site) | 180 to 250 yuan a day |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | daily pay advertised (home collection with wearables) | 120 yuan a day plus performance pay |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | crowdsourced pay per effective hour | 20 to 22 yuan an hour, down from 50 yuan an hour in early March 2026 |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | minimum daily collection hours required | at least 9 hours a day, up from at least 8 hours in early March 2026 |
| 日薪120元,全民数采,谁在训练下一个机器人保姆? (120 yuan a day: who is training the next robot nanny?)36Kr | 2026 | effective (paid) hours per 8-hour filming day | often under 2 hours; at most about 100 yuan for a day of collection |
| 日薪120元,我给机器人当「老师」 (120 yuan a day, I am a robot's teacher)Sina Finance | 2026 | daily pay (8-hour shift, six days a week) | 120 yuan (day shift), 135 yuan (night shift) |
| 日薪120元,我给机器人当「老师」 (120 yuan a day, I am a robot's teacher)Sina Finance | 2026 | minimum effective hours per 8-hour shift | at least 3 hours, at 85% accuracy |
| 日薪120元,我给机器人当「老师」 (120 yuan a day, I am a robot's teacher)Sina Finance | 2026 | hourly pay (simple home tasks) | about 20 yuan an hour; 12 yuan an hour for the most basic tasks on data collection apps |
| 日薪120元,我给机器人当「老师」 (120 yuan a day, I am a robot's teacher)Sina Finance | 2026 | monthly earnings | about 5,000 yuan a month |
Sample. 43 figures from 11 studies, reports and investigations, each from the publication linked beside it.
Each figure is as the study states it, for its own population, place and year: they are not adjusted for inflation or currency.
Compiled by. RobotTraining.jobs Research, What Studies Find About Pay in Robot Data and Operator Work, reviewed 10 Oct 2026.
Figure 2
Hourly pay in the studies, against what open roles advertise today
How do the hourly earnings researchers measured compare with today's advertised rates?
| Figure | Year | Measure | US dollars an hour |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open robot training roles on RobotTraining.jobs, median | 2026 | Advertised | $26.00 |
| Open robot training roles on RobotTraining.jobs, lowest quarter | 2026 | Advertised | $22.00 |
| The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at home: hourly payMIT Technology Review | 2026 | Measured | $15.00 |
Sample. Hourly figures in US dollars from the studies (1), and the advertised hourly pay of the robot training roles open on the last day of this site's live window.
Advertised pay is what a posting offers for an hour of work; a study may measure what workers actually earned, for its own population and year. The two are not the same measure.
Studies in other currencies are listed in the first figure, not converted here.
Compiled by. RobotTraining.jobs Research, What Studies Find About Pay in Robot Data and Operator Work, reviewed 10 Oct 2026.
Figure 3
How many people do this work
How many people train and operate robots, by the studies' estimates?
| Study | Year | Measure | Estimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | planned workforce size (external workers) | 500,000 external workers |
| China is training a robot future, one folded shirt at a timeRest of World | 2026 | planned workforce size (JD.com employees) | 100,000 employees |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | workforce size (one subcontractor's contributors) | 2,000 contributors |
| In Chinese data factories, workers teach humanoid robots boring tasksRest of World | 2026 | workforce size (robot trainers in China) | hundreds of robot trainers across China |
| The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at homeMIT Technology Review | 2026 | workforce size (micro1 contract recorders) | thousands of contract workers in more than 50 countries |
| The Indian workers training AI robots to take their jobsKhaleej Times | 2026 | workforce size (AI system trainers in India) | a growing army of thousands |
Sample. 6 estimates of the size of the workforce.
Estimates count different populations (one country's drone pilots, one company's operators, a program's contributors) and are not comparable with one another.
Compiled by. RobotTraining.jobs Research, What Studies Find About Pay in Robot Data and Operator Work, reviewed 10 Oct 2026.
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- Measured earnings
- What a study found workers actually earned per hour, for its population, place and year.
- Advertised pay
- The hourly figure an open robot training role states (the middle of a stated range), on the last day of this site's live window. A median needs at least 8 roles stating a rate.
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- Every figure keeps its study's own definition, currency and year: nothing is converted, deflated or pooled.
What this data cannot tell you
- Compiled from public sources: an event that was never announced or reported is missing, and private companies' figures are what they or the press stated, not audited.
- Studies measure different populations, years and definitions; set side by side they show a range, not a trend.
- Robot data and operator work is new and little studied: several figures come from journalism, and an advertised offer is not measured earnings.
How the job feeds are read and roles are classified: site methodology. How fresh, complete and consistent the data is, checked every day: data quality and coverage.
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Citation
RobotTraining.jobs (2026). What Studies Find About Pay in Robot Data and Operator Work (live data, 1 Jan 2026 to 10 Oct 2026). https://robottraining.jobs/research/research-on-robot-data-work-pay (accessed 10 Oct 2026)
BibTeX
@misc{robottrainingjobs_research_on_robot_data_work_pay_live,
author = {{RobotTraining.jobs}},
title = {What Studies Find About Pay in Robot Data and Operator Work (live data, 1 Jan 2026 to 10 Oct 2026)},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://robottraining.jobs/research/research-on-robot-data-work-pay}},
note = {Accessed 10 Oct 2026},
}Data: all figures as CSV (one line per value) or JSON. Every figure also downloads on its own. More open data: datasets and API.
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