{"name":"How Robotics Labs Collect Their Own Training Data: Facilities, Teams, Hours and Pay (live data, 19 Sep 2023 to 18 Oct 2026)","question":"Which robotics, humanoid, embodied-AI, AV and drone companies collect training data with their own people, how (teleoperation, wearable cameras, safety drivers), at what scale, and what do they pay?","source":"The companies' own posts, job postings and filings, and reporting by major outlets, each linked beside its fact with a verbatim quote kept in the dataset.","publisher":"RobotTraining.jobs","url":"https://robottraining.jobs/research/robot-labs-in-house-data-collection","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"RobotTraining.jobs (2026). How Robotics Labs Collect Their Own Training Data: Facilities, Teams, Hours and Pay (live data, 19 Sep 2023 to 18 Oct 2026). https://robottraining.jobs/research/robot-labs-in-house-data-collection (accessed 18 Oct 2026)","frozen_at":null,"report":"robot-labs-in-house-data-collection","method":1,"edition":null,"window":{"from":"2023-09-19","to":"2026-10-18","days":1126},"computedAt":"2026-10-18T16:39:05.361Z","summary":"34 robotics, humanoid, embodied-AI, AV and drone companies and data centres collect training data with their own people; 115 facts about how, at what scale and at what pay are on record, each linked to its source.","stats":[{"id":"companies","value":"34","label":"companies and centres collecting their own robot data","figure":"companies"},{"id":"facts","value":"115","label":"sourced facts","figure":"facts"},{"id":"pay","value":"14","label":"published pay figures","figure":"pay"}],"findings":[{"id":"most-documented","figure":"companies","text":"Tesla has the most documented in-house data operation (13 sourced facts)."},{"id":"facilities","figure":"facts","text":"16 companies and centres run a dedicated data-collection facility on record (18 facility facts)."},{"id":"pay","figure":"pay","text":"14 published pay figures for in-house collectors and operators from 11 companies."},{"id":"scale","figure":"scale","text":"23 stated team sizes and data volumes, from small teleoperation teams to datasets measured in hundreds of thousands of hours."}],"figures":[{"id":"companies","title":"Who collects their own robot data, and how","question":"Which robotics companies run their own data collection, with what method, how many people and how many hours?","columns":[{"key":"company","label":"Company","unit":"text"},{"key":"method","label":"Method","unit":"text"},{"key":"scale","label":"Team or hours","unit":"text","secondary":true},{"key":"facts","label":"Sourced facts","unit":"count","bar":true}],"rows":[{"key":"tesla","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"AUTO BILD","url":"https://www.autobild.de/artikel/tesla-optimus-training-gigafactory-berlin-28712743.html","date":"2026-08-08"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","method":"Tesla told staff at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg (Gruenheide) that selected teams would wear cameras during their work so the footage can train Optimus, per Handelsblatt's report of a company email.","scale":"Each Optimus data collector is expected to gather at least four hours of usable video footage per shift, five current and former workers said.","facts":13}},{"key":"figure-ai","href":"/platforms/figure","source":{"label":"Figure AI (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/figureai/jobs/4717759006","date":"2026-09-29"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","method":"Figure runs offsite robot data collection sessions across an expanding portfolio of residential sites in the Bay Area, coordinated on a night shift.","scale":"Figure's Helix 02 whole-body controller (System 0) was trained on over 1,000 hours of human motion data plus sim-to-real reinforcement learning.","facts":10}},{"key":"leju-robotics","source":{"label":"The Standard (Hong Kong)","url":"https://www.thestandard.com.hk/china/article/340377/Chinas-embodied-AI-boom-fuels-demand-for-human-collected-training-data","date":"2026-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","method":"Each robot at the Shijingshan center is paired with a dedicated trainer who teleoperates it with VR headset and controllers while joint angles and grip force are recorded; methods also include exoskeleton teleoperation and first-person capture.","scale":"At the Shijingshan center an eight-hour shift first yielded about 0.9 hours of usable data per data collector; after process upgrades the yield rose to five to six hours a day, per the center's figures cited by an analyst.","facts":8}},{"key":"agibot","source":{"label":"Yicai Global","url":"https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/agibot-unit-maniformer-debuts-data-platform-to-address-embodied-ai-training-bottleneck","date":"2026-04-17"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","method":"AgiBot's data subsidiary Maniformer launched MEgo collection hardware (grippers and head-mounted devices) so human operators wearing sensors can record tasks in real environments without a physical robot, targeting tens of millions of hours of data in 2026.","scale":"AgiBot World, collected by more than 100 identical AgiBot G1 robots at AgiBot's own facility, contains 1,001,552 trajectories totalling 2,976.4 hours across 217 tasks.","facts":6}},{"key":"physical-intelligence","href":"/platforms/physical-intelligence","source":{"label":"Ashby (Physical Intelligence careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/physicalintelligence/eb3ed968-630f-429a-9e44-5508b77d554b","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","method":"Physical Intelligence Robot Operators either lead the robot with their own arms (the robot mirrors them) or use specialized controllers, and the job is metrics-based with data collection goals per shift.","scale":"For pi0.5, Physical Intelligence used about 400 hours of data from its mobile manipulators doing household tasks in about 100 different homes.","facts":6}},{"key":"sunday-robotics","href":"/platforms/sunday-robotics","source":{"label":"Sunday Robotics","url":"https://www.sunday.ai/technology","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","method":"Sunday Robotics trains its Memo robot on data from Memory Developers wearing its Skill Capture Glove at home, and says it has shipped thousands of gloves to contributors across the country.","scale":"Sunday Robotics said that ahead of its beta program it had grown Engineering 3x, Research 4x and Data Operations 5x.","facts":5}},{"key":"1x-technologies","href":"/platforms/1x","source":{"label":"1X Technologies","url":"https://www.1x.tech/neo","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","method":"For tasks NEO does not know, a 1X Expert can remotely supervise the robot in the owner's home at scheduled times, which 1X says helps NEO learn new abilities.","scale":"1X said it had gathered thousands of hours of data over a year on its EVE humanoids doing mobile manipulation tasks in homes and offices.","facts":4}},{"key":"generalist-ai","href":"/platforms/generalist-ai","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/nov-04-2025-GEN-0","date":"2025-11-04"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","method":"Generalist AI said its robot data operations add over 10,000 new hours per week, powered by a global network of thousands of data collection devices and robots.","scale":"By the GEN-1 release, Generalist AI's dataset had grown to over half a million hours of physical interaction data.","facts":4}},{"key":"openai","source":{"label":"Business 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partners.","scale":"Uber said its planned 500-vehicle AV Labs fleet will be able to collect 2 million miles of high-fidelity driving data per month (a stated capacity, not miles already collected).","facts":4}},{"key":"agility-robotics","href":"/platforms/agility-robotics","source":{"label":"Agility Robotics (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=agilityrobotics&token=6208804004","date":"2026-09-28"},"cells":{"company":"Agility Robotics","method":"Agility mixes internal and contract labor for data collection and weighs external data collection vendors against in-house capacity on cost and quality (build versus buy).","scale":"n/a","facts":3}},{"key":"apptronik","href":"/platforms/apptronik","source":{"label":"Apptronik","url":"https://apptronik.com/news-collection/welcome-to-robot-park-where-apptroniks-apollo-goes-to-work","date":"2026-06-30"},"cells":{"company":"Apptronik","method":"Apptronik's Apollo 2 robots generate training data at Robot Park through a mix of teleoperation and autonomous execution; the data trains Google DeepMind's Gemini Robotics models.","scale":"n/a","facts":3}},{"key":"dyna-robotics","href":"/platforms/dyna-robotics","source":{"label":"Ashby (Dyna Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/dyna-robotics/3dc6a8a5-98fe-4e33-8a61-08ccff952985","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Dyna Robotics","method":"Dyna Robotics data collectors manually control robot arms (teleoperation) across a diverse range of tasks and make sure the recorded data is annotated correctly.","scale":"n/a","facts":3}},{"key":"google-deepmind","source":{"label":"Google DeepMind","url":"https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/shaping-the-future-of-advanced-robotics/","date":"2024-01-04"},"cells":{"company":"Google DeepMind","method":"Google DeepMind's AutoRT system ran up to 20 robots at once and 52 robots in total across office buildings for seven months, gathering 77,000 robot trials across 6,650 tasks through a mix of teleoperation and autonomous policies.","scale":"Google DeepMind collected a teleoperated robot action dataset on a fleet of ALOHA 2 robots over 12 months, thousands of hours of expert demonstrations, to train Gemini Robotics.","facts":3}},{"key":"hubei-humanoid-robot-innovation-center","source":{"label":"China Daily (Xinhua)","url":"https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202607/07/WS6a4c6844a310986e2b463e5e.html","date":"2026-07-07"},"cells":{"company":"Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center","method":"At the Hubei center, trainers wear VR headsets to remote-control the robots, and the data collection section has mock kitchens, bathrooms, living rooms, a milk tea shop, a pharmacy, a restaurant and a warehouse.","scale":"The Hubei center says it can collect over 1 million real-machine data entries a year, which are verified, labelled and cleaned before model training; a July 2026 visit report put output at 24,000 valid data records per day.","facts":3}},{"key":"lg-electronics","source":{"label":"The Investor (Korea Herald)","url":"https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/article/10844379","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"LG Electronics","method":"LG's Yangjae data factory in Seoul, due for full operation by end 2026, has CLOiD robots collecting data in a mock home and in a replica of LG's Tennessee washing machine plant, plus spaces for LG CNS logistics and LG Innotek robotic hands.","scale":"LG Electronics expects to collect 100,000 hours of robot training data with its own CLOiD robots at its Yangjae data factory in Seoul by the end of 2026.","facts":3}},{"key":"liuzhou-training-centre","source":{"label":"New Straits Times (Reuters)","url":"https://www.nst.com.my/amp/opinion/columnists/2026/09/1523800/chinas-humanoid-robots-not-smart-enough-take-your-job-%E2%80%94-yet","date":"2026-09-01"},"cells":{"company":"Liuzhou humanoid robot training centre (Guangxi; UBTech hardware)","method":"At the Liuzhou centre a novice trainer gets about one usable movement in 300 attempts and an experienced trainer about one in 50; trainers see through the robot's eyes via headsets and drive it with sensor-fitted handheld controllers.","scale":"n/a","facts":3}},{"key":"toyota-research-institute","source":{"label":"Toyota USA Newsroom","url":"https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-research-institute-unveils-breakthrough-in-teaching-robots-new-behaviors/","date":"2023-09-19"},"cells":{"company":"Toyota Research Institute","method":"Toyota Research Institute said its robots learn new skills from haptic demonstrations by a human teacher using Diffusion Policy, and that it had taught over 60 skills with a target of 1,000 by the end of 2024.","scale":"Toyota Research Institute trained its Large Behavior Models on about 1,700 hours of demonstrations, of which about 545 hours (532 tasks, 64,262 demonstrations) were collected in-house at TRI.","facts":3}},{"key":"waymo","href":"/platforms/waymo","source":{"label":"CNBC (via NBC 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it.","scale":"n/a","facts":3}},{"key":"beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202609/1369689.shtml","date":"2026-09-03"},"cells":{"company":"Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics","method":"The Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics runs a training facility of nearly 6,000 square metres with more than 30 scenarios and more than 150 robot units in 40 configurations for home, retail, industrial and medical data collection.","scale":"The center's training base had delivered nearly 30,000 hours of robot data to external partners, with more than 95 percent passing quality checks, and is working toward a goal of 1 million hours.","facts":2}},{"key":"china-state-data-centres","source":{"label":"Rest of World","url":"https://restofworld.org/2026/china-robots-training-centers-workers/","date":"2026-01-07"},"cells":{"company":"Chinese state-backed robot data collection centres","method":"By December 2025 more than 40 state-owned robot data collection centres had been announced in China, about two dozen of them operating, typically built by local governments and run by robotics companies, per Interact Analysis.","scale":"n/a","facts":2}},{"key":"national-local-humanoid-robotics-innovation-center","source":{"label":"Pudong New Area government (China Daily)","url":"https://english.pudong.gov.cn/2025-01/23/c_1066692.htm","date":"2025-01-23"},"cells":{"company":"National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (Shanghai)","method":"Shanghai's first heterogeneous humanoid robot training ground (formerly the Kylin Training Ground), run under the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center, opened in January 2025 on 4,600 square metres with more than 100 robots in 10 scenarios.","scale":"n/a","facts":2}},{"key":"skild-ai","href":"/platforms/skild-ai","source":{"label":"Skild 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year.","scale":"n/a","facts":1}},{"key":"zoox","href":"/platforms/zoox","source":{"label":"Automotive World","url":"https://www.automotiveworld.com/news/zoox-expands-testing-to-dallas-and-phoenix-adds-hub/","date":"2026-03-10"},"cells":{"company":"Zoox","method":"Zoox said it would start testing in Dallas and Phoenix with retrofitted Toyota Highlander SUVs and safety drivers that map roads and collect operational data, taking its US testing footprint to ten cities.","scale":"n/a","facts":1}}],"sample":"34 companies and centres, 115 facts, each linked to its source (reviewed 18 Oct 2026).","notes":["A company appears once a source documents data it collects with its own people; vendors that collect for others are in the vendors report."]},{"id":"scale","title":"How much: teams and hours of data","question":"How many people do robotics companies put on data collection, and how many hours of data have they gathered?","columns":[{"key":"company","label":"Company","unit":"text"},{"key":"kind","label":"Measure","unit":"text"},{"key":"fact","label":"As stated","unit":"text"},{"key":"date","label":"Date","unit":"text","secondary":true}],"rows":[{"key":"1x-technologies-scale-0","href":"/platforms/1x","source":{"label":"1X Technologies","url":"https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-world-model","date":"2024-09-17"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"1X said it had gathered thousands of hours of data over a year on its EVE humanoids doing mobile manipulation tasks in homes and offices.","date":"17 Sep 2024"}},{"key":"agibot-scale-1","source":{"label":"arXiv","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2503.06669v4","date":"2025-08-04"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"AgiBot World, collected by more than 100 identical AgiBot G1 robots at AgiBot's own facility, contains 1,001,552 trajectories totalling 2,976.4 hours across 217 tasks.","date":"4 Aug 2025"}},{"key":"agibot-scale-2","source":{"label":"KrASIA (36Kr English)","url":"https://kr-asia.com/inside-agibots-shanghai-center-robots-learn-to-master-tasks-in-human-like-ways","date":"2025-02-03"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Team size","fact":"AgiBot assigns one human instructor, a skilled data collector (typically a young professional with strong physical coordination), to each robot at its Shanghai data acquisition center.","date":"3 Feb 2025"}},{"key":"beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics-scale-3","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202609/1369689.shtml","date":"2026-09-03"},"cells":{"company":"Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"The center's training base had delivered nearly 30,000 hours of robot data to external partners, with more than 95 percent passing quality checks, and is working toward a goal of 1 million hours.","date":"3 Sep 2026"}},{"key":"figure-ai-scale-4","href":"/platforms/figure","source":{"label":"Figure AI","url":"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix-02","date":"2026-01-27"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Figure's Helix 02 whole-body controller (System 0) was trained on over 1,000 hours of human motion data plus sim-to-real reinforcement learning.","date":"27 Jan 2026"}},{"key":"figure-ai-scale-5","href":"/platforms/figure","source":{"label":"Figure AI","url":"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix","date":"2025-02-20"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Figure trained its Helix VLA model on a multi-robot, multi-operator dataset of teleoperated behaviors totalling about 500 hours.","date":"20 Feb 2025"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-scale-6","href":"/platforms/generalist-ai","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/gen-1","date":"2026-04-02"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"By the GEN-1 release, Generalist AI's dataset had grown to over half a million hours of physical interaction data.","date":"2 Apr 2026"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-scale-7","href":"/platforms/generalist-ai","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/nov-04-2025-GEN-0","date":"2025-11-04"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Generalist AI said GEN-0 was pretrained on its in-house dataset of over 270,000 hours of real-world manipulation data, collected in thousands of homes, warehouses and workplaces, partly together with data foundry partners.","date":"4 Nov 2025"}},{"key":"google-deepmind-scale-8","source":{"label":"arXiv (Google DeepMind)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2503.20020","date":"2025-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Google DeepMind","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Google DeepMind collected a teleoperated robot action dataset on a fleet of ALOHA 2 robots over 12 months, thousands of hours of expert demonstrations, to train Gemini Robotics.","date":"25 Mar 2025"}},{"key":"hubei-humanoid-robot-innovation-center-scale-9","source":{"label":"Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","url":"https://english.casad.cas.cn/newsroom/ma/202602/t20260210_1150659.html","date":"2026-02-10"},"cells":{"company":"Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"The Hubei center says it can collect over 1 million real-machine data entries a year, which are verified, labelled and cleaned before model training; a July 2026 visit report put output at 24,000 valid data records per day.","date":"10 Feb 2026"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-scale-10","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202607/1366926.shtml","date":"2026-07-27"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"At the Shijingshan center an eight-hour shift first yielded about 0.9 hours of usable data per data collector; after 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data-training center co-built by Leju Robotics and the Shijingshan district government had an instructor team of more than 200 people, still expanding, per Leju's training-center technical director.","date":"25 Mar 2026"}},{"key":"lg-electronics-scale-13","source":{"label":"The Investor (Korea Herald)","url":"https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/article/10844379","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"LG Electronics","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"LG Electronics expects to collect 100,000 hours of robot training data with its own CLOiD robots at its Yangjae data factory in Seoul by the end of 2026.","date":"18 Aug 2026"}},{"key":"openai-scale-14","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/open-ai-robotics-lab-humanoid-robots-2026-1","date":"2026-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"OpenAI","kind":"Team size","fact":"Business Insider reported that OpenAI's robotics lab in San Francisco employs around 100 data collectors and has more than quadrupled since it launched in February 2025.","date":"22 Jan 2026"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-scale-15","href":"/platforms/physical-intelligence","source":{"label":"arXiv (Physical Intelligence)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16054","date":"2025-04-22"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"For pi0.5, Physical Intelligence used about 400 hours of data from its mobile manipulators doing household tasks in about 100 different homes.","date":"22 Apr 2025"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-scale-16","href":"/platforms/physical-intelligence","source":{"label":"arXiv (Physical Intelligence)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2410.24164","date":"2024-10-31"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Physical Intelligence pre-trained its pi0 model on about 10,000 hours of dexterous manipulation data from its own robots (7 robot configurations, 68 tasks), on top of open datasets such as OXE, DROID and Bridge.","date":"31 Oct 2024"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-scale-17","href":"/platforms/sunday-robotics","source":{"label":"Sunday Robotics","url":"https://www.sunday.ai/blog/series-b","date":"2026-03-12"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Team size","fact":"Sunday Robotics said that ahead of its beta program it had grown Engineering 3x, Research 4x and Data Operations 5x.","date":"12 Mar 2026"}},{"key":"tesla-scale-18","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-elon-musk-2025-11","date":"2025-11-02"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Each Optimus data collector is expected to gather at least four hours of usable video footage per shift, five current and former workers said.","date":"2 Nov 2025"}},{"key":"tesla-scale-19","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-autonomous-driving-california-robotaxi-2025-3","date":"2025-03-14"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Team size","fact":"Tesla registered 224 in-house test drivers and 104 vehicles with the California DMV in December 2024 for its autonomous testing permit, up from 59 drivers and 14 vehicles, according to public records viewed by Business Insider.","date":"1 Dec 2024"}},{"key":"tesla-scale-20","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-training-optimus-robot-motion-capture-suit-2024-8","date":"2024-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Team size","fact":"More than 50 different people worked as Optimus data collection operators at Tesla over the year to August 2024, per a Business Insider review of LinkedIn data.","date":"19 Aug 2024"}},{"key":"toyota-research-institute-scale-21","source":{"label":"arXiv (Toyota Research 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not converted to one unit."]},{"id":"pay","title":"What in-house data collectors are paid","question":"What do robotics companies pay the people who collect their training data in-house?","columns":[{"key":"company","label":"Company","unit":"text"},{"key":"pay","label":"Pay as stated","unit":"text"},{"key":"date","label":"Date","unit":"text","secondary":true}],"rows":[{"key":"1x-technologies-pay-0","href":"/platforms/1x","source":{"label":"1X Technologies (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/1x/84efa580-016a-431c-aaa3-1a744bdef6d7","date":"2026-09-09"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","pay":"1X's Operator, Data Collection (Swing Shift) role in San Carlos, on the Data Collection Operations team that operates NEO robots in VR, pays $28 to $36 per hour plus equity.","date":"9 Sep 2026"}},{"key":"dyna-robotics-pay-1","href":"/platforms/dyna-robotics","source":{"label":"Ashby (Dyna Robotics 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board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=kodiak&token=4424515009","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Kodiak AI","pay":"Kodiak's Class A Safety Driver role at its Lancaster, Texas operations pays $37 an hour on a five days on, two days off schedule, with a $3,000 referral bonus per hired driver.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"nuro-pay-4","href":"/platforms/nuro","source":{"label":"Nuro (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=nuro&token=8104145","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Nuro","pay":"Nuro's Autonomous Vehicle Operator role in South San Francisco (12-month temporary assignment) pays $27 an hour on morning/afternoon shifts and $28.25 overnight; operators drive test vehicles in manual and autonomous modes up to eight hours a day and collect real-world driving data.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-pay-5","href":"/platforms/physical-intelligence","source":{"label":"Ashby (Physical Intelligence careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/physicalintelligence/eb3ed968-630f-429a-9e44-5508b77d554b","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","pay":"Physical Intelligence advertises an on-site Robot Operator role in San Francisco that teleoperates robot arms to collect training data, paying $25 an hour on 8-hour evening or overnight shifts, minimum 5 days a week.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"skydio-pay-6","href":"/platforms/skydio","source":{"label":"Skydio (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/skydio/f53df2af-e56d-4be4-a091-35ebe13983ce","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Skydio","pay":"Skydio's Data Collection Flight Test Operator role pays $50 to $60 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-pay-7","href":"/platforms/sunday-robotics","source":{"label":"Ashby (Sunday Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/sunday/f92adbe3-da24-4edd-8599-4f60dec7bd5f","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","pay":"Sunday Robotics pays remote Memory Developers, who record household chores with its hardware, $30 per hour of approved data during a one-week screening and up to $60 per hour for complex tasks afterwards.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-pay-8","href":"/platforms/sunday-robotics","source":{"label":"Ashby (Sunday Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/sunday/41d7bd17-a739-46a5-8d5f-e8c85daa541d","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","pay":"Sunday Robotics also hires in-house Memory Developers at Redwood City at $35 an hour on a fixed 5-day, 8-hour evening shift (2 PM to 10 PM), who also pilot new tasks and hardware before they go to the remote collectors.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"tesla-pay-9","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"AUTO BILD","url":"https://www.autobild.de/artikel/tesla-optimus-training-gigafactory-berlin-28712743.html","date":"2026-08-08"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","pay":"Auto Bild reported that Tesla's US Optimus Data Collection Operators are paid hourly wages between 25.25 and 34.50 dollars.","date":"8 Aug 2026"}},{"key":"tesla-pay-10","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"Business Insider (via AOL)","url":"https://www.aol.com/news/tesla-willing-pay-33-66-163627197.html","date":"2025-08-12"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","pay":"Tesla's 'Vehicle Operator, Autopilot' listing in Queens, New York, for operators who drive engineering cars and collect audio and camera data, paid Test Operator I $25.25 to $27.60 an hour base and Test Operator II $28.75 to $30.60, with 10% more on afternoon and night shifts (up to $33.66).","date":"12 Aug 2025"}},{"key":"tesla-pay-11","href":"/platforms/tesla-optimus","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-training-optimus-robot-motion-capture-suit-2024-8","date":"2024-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","pay":"Tesla's Optimus 'Data Collection Operator' job listing offered full-time pay of $25.25 to $48 per hour.","date":"19 Aug 2024"}},{"key":"waabi-pay-12","href":"/platforms/waabi","source":{"label":"Waabi (Lever job board)","url":"https://jobs.lever.co/waabi/a7a2f637-0551-4387-af1f-32e76d170818","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Waabi","pay":"Waabi's Vehicle Operator (CDL) day-shift role in Dallas, Texas, which manually drives Class 8 trucks on mapping and shadow missions and supervises the Waabi Driver, pays $31 to $43 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}},{"key":"zipline-pay-13","href":"/platforms/zipline","source":{"label":"Zipline (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=flyzipline&token=7812871003","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Zipline","pay":"Zipline's Flight Test Operator role at its Esparto, California test site, acting as Remote Pilot in Command for high-volume flight testing including nights and weekends, starts at $34 to $38 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026"}}],"sample":"14 pay figures from job postings and reporting.","notes":["A posting's range is the employer's offer, not measured earnings."]},{"id":"facts","title":"Every sourced fact","question":"What has each company or its press coverage said about collecting its own robot data?","columns":[{"key":"company","label":"Company","unit":"text"},{"key":"kind","label":"Kind","unit":"text"},{"key":"fact","label":"Fact","unit":"text"},{"key":"date","label":"Date","unit":"text","secondary":true},{"key":"basis","label":"Basis","unit":"text","secondary":true}],"rows":[{"key":"1x-technologies-0","source":{"label":"1X Technologies","url":"https://www.1x.tech/neo","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","kind":"Method","fact":"For tasks NEO does not know, a 1X Expert can remotely supervise the robot in the owner's home at scheduled times, which 1X says helps NEO learn new abilities.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"1x-technologies-1","source":{"label":"1X Technologies (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/1x/84efa580-016a-431c-aaa3-1a744bdef6d7","date":"2026-09-09"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","kind":"Pay","fact":"1X's Operator, Data Collection (Swing Shift) role in San Carlos, on the Data Collection Operations team that operates NEO robots in VR, pays $28 to $36 per hour plus equity.","date":"9 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"1x-technologies-2","source":{"label":"1X Technologies","url":"https://www.1x.tech/discover/redwood-ai","date":"2025-06-10"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","kind":"Method","fact":"1X trains its Redwood model on teleoperated and autonomous episodes gathered on NEO robots in 1X offices and in employees' homes.","date":"10 Jun 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"1x-technologies-3","source":{"label":"1X Technologies","url":"https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-world-model","date":"2024-09-17"},"cells":{"company":"1X Technologies","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"1X said it had gathered thousands of hours of data over a year on its EVE humanoids doing mobile manipulation tasks in homes and offices.","date":"17 Sep 2024","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agibot-4","source":{"label":"Yicai Global","url":"https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/agibot-unit-maniformer-debuts-data-platform-to-address-embodied-ai-training-bottleneck","date":"2026-04-17"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Method","fact":"AgiBot's data subsidiary Maniformer launched MEgo collection hardware (grippers and head-mounted devices) so human operators wearing sensors can record tasks in real environments without a physical robot, targeting tens of millions of hours of data in 2026.","date":"16 Apr 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agibot-5","source":{"label":"arXiv","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2503.06669v4","date":"2025-08-04"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"AgiBot World, collected by more than 100 identical AgiBot G1 robots at AgiBot's own facility, contains 1,001,552 trajectories totalling 2,976.4 hours across 217 tasks.","date":"4 Aug 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agibot-6","source":{"label":"arXiv","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2503.06669v4","date":"2025-08-04"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Method","fact":"AgiBot collects its demonstrations with skilled teleoperators using two teleoperation systems, VR headset control and whole-body motion capture control, and annotators then check each episode.","date":"4 Aug 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agibot-7","source":{"label":"KrASIA (36Kr 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page"}},{"key":"agibot-9","source":{"label":"KrASIA (36Kr English)","url":"https://kr-asia.com/inside-agibots-shanghai-center-robots-learn-to-master-tasks-in-human-like-ways","date":"2025-02-03"},"cells":{"company":"AgiBot","kind":"Team size","fact":"AgiBot assigns one human instructor, a skilled data collector (typically a young professional with strong physical coordination), to each robot at its Shanghai data acquisition center.","date":"3 Feb 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"agility-robotics-10","source":{"label":"Agility Robotics (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=agilityrobotics&token=6208804004","date":"2026-09-28"},"cells":{"company":"Agility Robotics","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"Agility Robotics is hiring a Data Collection Manager to build and scale its in-house teleoperation data collection team of robot operators and data collection specialists in Fremont.","date":"28 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agility-robotics-11","source":{"label":"Agility Robotics (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=agilityrobotics&token=6208804004","date":"2026-09-28"},"cells":{"company":"Agility Robotics","kind":"Method","fact":"Agility mixes internal and contract labor for data collection and weighs external data collection vendors against in-house capacity on cost and quality (build versus buy).","date":"28 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"agility-robotics-12","source":{"label":"Agility Robotics (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=agilityrobotics&token=6208804004","date":"2026-09-28"},"cells":{"company":"Agility Robotics","kind":"Why","fact":"Agility says data collection is the input to its learned policies and that the quality of the operation directly gates model progress.","date":"28 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"apptronik-13","source":{"label":"Apptronik","url":"https://apptronik.com/news-collection/welcome-to-robot-park-where-apptroniks-apollo-goes-to-work","date":"2026-06-30"},"cells":{"company":"Apptronik","kind":"Facility","fact":"Apptronik opened an expanded Robot Park in Austin, its flagship humanoid data collection and training facility of nearly 90,000 square feet, anchoring a network of Robot Parks at partner and customer sites.","date":"30 Jun 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"apptronik-14","source":{"label":"Apptronik","url":"https://apptronik.com/news-collection/welcome-to-robot-park-where-apptroniks-apollo-goes-to-work","date":"2026-06-30"},"cells":{"company":"Apptronik","kind":"Method","fact":"Apptronik's Apollo 2 robots generate training data at Robot Park through a mix of teleoperation and autonomous execution; the data trains Google DeepMind's Gemini Robotics models.","date":"30 Jun 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"apptronik-15","source":{"label":"Apptronik","url":"https://apptronik.com/news-collection/welcome-to-robot-park-where-apptroniks-apollo-goes-to-work","date":"2026-06-30"},"cells":{"company":"Apptronik","kind":"Why","fact":"Apptronik says humanoids need large amounts of real-world data to train the embodied AI models that let them work autonomously, and Robot Park is where much of it is created.","date":"30 Jun 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics-16","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202609/1369689.shtml","date":"2026-09-03"},"cells":{"company":"Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics","kind":"Facility","fact":"The Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics runs a training facility of nearly 6,000 square metres with more than 30 scenarios and more than 150 robot units in 40 configurations for home, retail, industrial and medical data collection.","date":"3 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics-17","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202609/1369689.shtml","date":"2026-09-03"},"cells":{"company":"Beijing Innovation Center of Humanoid Robotics","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"The center's training base had delivered nearly 30,000 hours of robot data to external partners, with more than 95 percent passing quality checks, and is working toward a goal of 1 million hours.","date":"3 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"boston-dynamics-18","source":{"label":"Boston Dynamics","url":"https://bostondynamics.com/blog/large-behavior-models-atlas-find-new-footing/","date":"2025-08-20"},"cells":{"company":"Boston Dynamics","kind":"Method","fact":"Boston Dynamics collects Atlas training data in-house with its own VR teleoperation system, combining Atlas' model predictive controller with a custom VR interface for tasks from fine finger work to whole-body reaching and walking.","date":"20 Aug 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"china-state-data-centres-19","source":{"label":"Global Times","url":"https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202607/1366926.shtml","date":"2026-07-27"},"cells":{"company":"Chinese state-backed robot data collection centres","kind":"Why","fact":"Chinese public training centres pool equipment, scenarios and personnel because robotics firms that bought equipment, built scenes and collected data in-house found it expensive and inefficient.","date":"27 Jul 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"china-state-data-centres-20","source":{"label":"Rest of World","url":"https://restofworld.org/2026/china-robots-training-centers-workers/","date":"2026-01-07"},"cells":{"company":"Chinese state-backed robot data collection centres","kind":"Facility","fact":"By December 2025 more than 40 state-owned robot data collection centres had been announced in China, about two dozen of them operating, typically built by local governments and run by robotics companies, per Interact Analysis.","date":"1 Dec 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"dyna-robotics-21","source":{"label":"Ashby (Dyna Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/dyna-robotics/3dc6a8a5-98fe-4e33-8a61-08ccff952985","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Dyna Robotics","kind":"Method","fact":"Dyna Robotics data collectors manually control robot arms (teleoperation) across a diverse range of tasks and make sure the recorded data is annotated correctly.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"dyna-robotics-22","source":{"label":"Ashby (Dyna Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/dyna-robotics/3dc6a8a5-98fe-4e33-8a61-08ccff952985","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Dyna Robotics","kind":"Pay","fact":"Dyna Robotics advertises an on-site Data Collection Operator role at its Redwood City headquarters, teleoperating robot arms to produce training data, paying $30 to $32 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"dyna-robotics-23","source":{"label":"Dyna Robotics","url":"https://www.dyna.co/dyna-2.1","date":"2026-09-29"},"cells":{"company":"Dyna Robotics","kind":"Why","fact":"Dyna Robotics calls robot data the scarcest input because it costs robot and operator hours and loses value with each hardware revision, so its Dyna-2.1 system also learns from human recordings.","date":"29 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"figure-ai-24","source":{"label":"Figure AI (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/figureai/jobs/4369739006","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Pay","fact":"Figure's Humanoid Robot Pilot role in San Jose (wear teleoperation equipment, guide the robot through behaviors, upload the data for AI training) is a 6-month fixed-term hourly job at a US base pay of $32 per hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"figure-ai-25","source":{"label":"Figure AI (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/figureai/jobs/4717759006","date":"2026-09-29"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Method","fact":"Figure runs offsite robot data collection sessions across an expanding portfolio of residential sites in the Bay Area, coordinated on a night shift.","date":"29 Sep 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"figure-ai-26","source":{"label":"Figure AI (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/figureai/jobs/4702551006","date":"2026-08-04"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Facility","fact":"Figure is establishing its first data operations unit in Mexico City.","date":"4 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official 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AI","kind":"Method","fact":"Under Project Go-Big, Figure collects egocentric human video passively as people go about real Brookfield homes, and trained Helix navigation on that video alone.","date":"18 Sep 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"figure-ai-32","source":{"label":"Figure AI","url":"https://www.figure.ai/news/project-go-big","date":"2025-09-18"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Why","fact":"Figure says humanoids can learn directly from everyday human video because their perspective and kinematics mirror a person's.","date":"18 Sep 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"figure-ai-33","source":{"label":"Figure AI","url":"https://www.figure.ai/news/helix","date":"2025-02-20"},"cells":{"company":"Figure AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Figure trained its Helix VLA model on a multi-robot, multi-operator dataset of teleoperated behaviors totalling about 500 hours.","date":"20 Feb 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"galbot-34","source":{"label":"China Daily","url":"https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202508/01/WS688c216fa310c26fd717cef8.html","date":"2025-08-01"},"cells":{"company":"Galbot","kind":"Why","fact":"Galbot's co-founder said the company pre-trains on large synthetic datasets and fine-tunes with minimal real-world data, because real-world data collection is prohibitively expensive.","date":"1 Aug 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-35","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/gen-1","date":"2026-04-02"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"By the GEN-1 release, Generalist AI's dataset had grown to over half a million hours of physical interaction data.","date":"2 Apr 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-36","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/gen-1","date":"2026-04-02"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Why","fact":"Generalist AI said its base model is trained without robot data, on low-cost wearable devices worn by humans, and argued teleoperation produces slower, less fluid data.","date":"2 Apr 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-37","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/nov-04-2025-GEN-0","date":"2025-11-04"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Generalist AI said GEN-0 was pretrained on its in-house dataset of over 270,000 hours of real-world manipulation data, collected in thousands of homes, warehouses and workplaces, partly together with data foundry partners.","date":"4 Nov 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"generalist-ai-38","source":{"label":"Generalist AI","url":"https://generalistai.com/blog/nov-04-2025-GEN-0","date":"2025-11-04"},"cells":{"company":"Generalist AI","kind":"Method","fact":"Generalist AI said its robot data operations add over 10,000 new hours per week, powered by a global network of thousands of data collection devices and robots.","date":"4 Nov 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"google-deepmind-39","source":{"label":"arXiv (Google DeepMind)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2503.20020","date":"2025-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Google DeepMind","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Google DeepMind collected a teleoperated robot action dataset on a fleet of ALOHA 2 robots over 12 months, thousands of hours of expert demonstrations, to train Gemini Robotics.","date":"25 Mar 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"google-deepmind-40","source":{"label":"arXiv (Google DeepMind)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2401.12963","date":"2024-01-23"},"cells":{"company":"Google DeepMind","kind":"Why","fact":"Google DeepMind researchers wrote that teleoperated data is more diverse and valuable than autonomously collected data but is limited by how many human operators are available, which is why AutoRT mixes teleoperation with autonomous collection.","date":"23 Jan 2024","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"google-deepmind-41","source":{"label":"Google DeepMind","url":"https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/shaping-the-future-of-advanced-robotics/","date":"2024-01-04"},"cells":{"company":"Google DeepMind","kind":"Method","fact":"Google DeepMind's AutoRT system ran up to 20 robots at once and 52 robots in total across office buildings for seven months, gathering 77,000 robot trials across 6,650 tasks through a mix of teleoperation and autonomous policies.","date":"4 Jan 2024","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"hubei-humanoid-robot-innovation-center-42","source":{"label":"China Daily (Xinhua)","url":"https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202607/07/WS6a4c6844a310986e2b463e5e.html","date":"2026-07-07"},"cells":{"company":"Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center","kind":"Method","fact":"At the Hubei center, trainers wear VR headsets to remote-control the robots, and the data collection section has mock kitchens, bathrooms, living rooms, a milk tea shop, a pharmacy, a restaurant and a warehouse.","date":"7 Jul 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"hubei-humanoid-robot-innovation-center-43","source":{"label":"Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","url":"https://english.casad.cas.cn/newsroom/ma/202602/t20260210_1150659.html","date":"2026-02-10"},"cells":{"company":"Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center","kind":"Facility","fact":"The Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center in Wuhan, opened June 2025, offers 23 simulation scenarios and more than 10 temporary ones so that over 100 humanoid robots can train at once under data collection specialists.","date":"10 Feb 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"hubei-humanoid-robot-innovation-center-44","source":{"label":"Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","url":"https://english.casad.cas.cn/newsroom/ma/202602/t20260210_1150659.html","date":"2026-02-10"},"cells":{"company":"Hubei Humanoid Robot Innovation Center","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"The Hubei center says it can collect over 1 million real-machine data entries a year, which are verified, labelled and cleaned before model training; a July 2026 visit report put output at 24,000 valid data records per day.","date":"10 Feb 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"kodiak-ai-45","source":{"label":"Kodiak (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=kodiak&token=4424515009","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Kodiak AI","kind":"Pay","fact":"Kodiak's Class A Safety Driver role at its Lancaster, Texas operations pays $37 an hour on a five days on, two days off schedule, with a $3,000 referral bonus per hired driver.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-46","source":{"label":"The Standard (Hong Kong)","url":"https://www.thestandard.com.hk/china/article/340377/Chinas-embodied-AI-boom-fuels-demand-for-human-collected-training-data","date":"2026-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Method","fact":"Each robot at the Shijingshan center is paired with a dedicated trainer who teleoperates it with VR headset and controllers while joint angles and grip force are recorded; methods also include exoskeleton teleoperation and first-person capture.","date":"19 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-47","source":{"label":"The Standard (Hong 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rose to five to six hours a day, per the center's figures cited by an analyst.","date":"27 Jul 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-49","source":{"label":"China Daily","url":"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/html5/2026-03/25/content_002_69c2e59ded50be540e72d189.htm","date":"2026-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Facility","fact":"Leju Robotics says it has helped build nine humanoid robot training facilities across China, including the Shijingshan center.","date":"25 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-50","source":{"label":"China Daily","url":"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/html5/2026-03/25/content_002_69c2e59ded50be540e72d189.htm","date":"2026-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"Leju's Shijingshan trainers need no advanced education: a background in mechanics or computers and physical stamina help, a new trainer works independently after one or two days of training, and a mature employee takes about a month.","date":"25 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-51","source":{"label":"China Daily","url":"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/html5/2026-03/25/content_002_69c2e59ded50be540e72d189.htm","date":"2026-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"The Shijingshan center can produce more than 8 million multimodal data records a year, and Leju says it produces nearly 25 million real-machine data records a year across the facilities it helped build.","date":"25 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-52","source":{"label":"China Daily","url":"https://mobile.chinadaily.com.cn/html5/2026-03/25/content_002_69c2e59ded50be540e72d189.htm","date":"2026-03-25"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Team size","fact":"The Shijingshan humanoid data-training center co-built by Leju Robotics and the Shijingshan district government had an instructor team of more than 200 people, still expanding, per Leju's training-center technical director.","date":"25 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"leju-robotics-53","source":{"label":"Rest of World","url":"https://restofworld.org/2026/china-robots-training-centers-workers/","date":"2026-01-07"},"cells":{"company":"Leju Robotics (Shijingshan Humanoid Robot Data Training Center, Beijing)","kind":"Facility","fact":"The Shijingshan center, described as China's largest humanoid robot data-training center, covers more than 10,000 square metres with 16 scenarios including a car assembly line, a smart home and an elder-care facility.","date":"7 Jan 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"lg-electronics-54","source":{"label":"The Investor (Korea Herald)","url":"https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/article/10844379","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"LG Electronics","kind":"Facility","fact":"LG's Yangjae data factory in Seoul, due for full operation by end 2026, has CLOiD robots collecting data in a mock home and in a replica of LG's Tennessee washing machine plant, plus spaces for LG CNS logistics and LG Innotek robotic hands.","date":"18 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"lg-electronics-55","source":{"label":"The Investor (Korea Herald)","url":"https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/article/10844379","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"LG Electronics","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"LG Electronics expects to collect 100,000 hours of robot training data with its own CLOiD robots at its Yangjae data factory in Seoul by the end of 2026.","date":"18 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"lg-electronics-56","source":{"label":"The Investor (Korea Herald)","url":"https://m.theinvestor.co.kr/article/10844379","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"LG Electronics","kind":"Why","fact":"LG plans to use the Yangjae data to advance its own robot foundation model.","date":"18 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"liuzhou-training-centre-57","source":{"label":"New Straits Times (Reuters)","url":"https://www.nst.com.my/amp/opinion/columnists/2026/09/1523800/chinas-humanoid-robots-not-smart-enough-take-your-job-%E2%80%94-yet","date":"2026-09-01"},"cells":{"company":"Liuzhou humanoid robot training centre (Guangxi; UBTech hardware)","kind":"Facility","fact":"A government training centre in Liuzhou, Guangxi, holds more than 100 humanoid robots, supplied by UBTech under an 18 million US dollar regional tender, where a dozen headset-wearing trainers guide robots through tasks such as sorting crates and making coffee.","date":"1 Sep 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"liuzhou-training-centre-58","source":{"label":"New Straits Times (Reuters)","url":"https://www.nst.com.my/amp/opinion/columnists/2026/09/1523800/chinas-humanoid-robots-not-smart-enough-take-your-job-%E2%80%94-yet","date":"2026-09-01"},"cells":{"company":"Liuzhou humanoid robot training centre (Guangxi; UBTech hardware)","kind":"Method","fact":"At the Liuzhou centre a novice trainer gets about one usable movement in 300 attempts and an experienced trainer about one in 50; trainers see through the robot's eyes via headsets and drive it with sensor-fitted handheld controllers.","date":"1 Sep 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"liuzhou-training-centre-59","source":{"label":"New Straits Times (Reuters)","url":"https://www.nst.com.my/amp/opinion/columnists/2026/09/1523800/chinas-humanoid-robots-not-smart-enough-take-your-job-%E2%80%94-yet","date":"2026-09-01"},"cells":{"company":"Liuzhou humanoid robot training centre (Guangxi; UBTech hardware)","kind":"Why","fact":"The Liuzhou centre aims to sell robot-training data to factories, but three staff said the subsidy-dependent project had no clear path to profitability because of high operating costs and low data prices.","date":"1 Sep 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"motional-60","source":{"label":"Motional (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=motional&token=8003878003","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Motional","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"Motional is hiring Autonomous Driving Test Operators for its growing AV Test Operations team (posting listed in Pittsburgh) to operate autonomous vehicles, collect and annotate data and give engineers feedback; the posted base salary is $52,000.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"national-local-humanoid-robotics-innovation-center-61","source":{"label":"Pudong New Area government (China Daily)","url":"https://english.pudong.gov.cn/2025-01/23/c_1066692.htm","date":"2025-01-23"},"cells":{"company":"National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (Shanghai)","kind":"Facility","fact":"Shanghai's first heterogeneous humanoid robot training ground (formerly the Kylin Training Ground), run under the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center, opened in January 2025 on 4,600 square metres with more than 100 robots in 10 scenarios.","date":"21 Jan 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"national-local-humanoid-robotics-innovation-center-62","source":{"label":"Yicai Global","url":"https://yicaiglobal.com/news/chinas-first-humanoid-robot-training-base-opens-in-shanghai","date":"2025-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (Shanghai)","kind":"Why","fact":"The center's chief scientist called the Shanghai training base a factory that produces data, built to pool data from many robot makers because training on data from a single kind of robot creates an AI illusion.","date":"21 Jan 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"nuro-63","source":{"label":"Nuro (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=nuro&token=8104145","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Nuro","kind":"Pay","fact":"Nuro's Autonomous Vehicle Operator role in South San Francisco (12-month temporary assignment) pays $27 an hour on morning/afternoon shifts and $28.25 overnight; operators drive test vehicles in manual and autonomous modes up to eight hours a day and collect real-world driving data.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"openai-64","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/open-ai-robotics-lab-humanoid-robots-2026-1","date":"2026-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"OpenAI","kind":"Facility","fact":"Business Insider reported that OpenAI runs three shifts and a few dozen workstations collecting robot data around the clock in San Francisco.","date":"22 Jan 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"openai-65","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/open-ai-robotics-lab-humanoid-robots-2026-1","date":"2026-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"OpenAI","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"OpenAI told employees it plans a second robotics data lab in Richmond, California, and a December job posting for a robotics operator with its contracting agency lists Richmond, Business Insider reported.","date":"22 Jan 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"openai-66","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/open-ai-robotics-lab-humanoid-robots-2026-1","date":"2026-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"OpenAI","kind":"Method","fact":"OpenAI's data collectors use 3D-printed GELLO controllers to teleoperate two Franka robot arms, and are rated on how many good hours of functional training data they generate, Business Insider reported.","date":"22 Jan 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"openai-67","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/open-ai-robotics-lab-humanoid-robots-2026-1","date":"2026-01-22"},"cells":{"company":"OpenAI","kind":"Team size","fact":"Business Insider reported that OpenAI's robotics lab in San Francisco employs around 100 data collectors and has more than quadrupled since it launched in February 2025.","date":"22 Jan 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-68","source":{"label":"Ashby (Physical 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Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-70","source":{"label":"Ashby (Physical Intelligence careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/physicalintelligence/eb3ed968-630f-429a-9e44-5508b77d554b","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Method","fact":"Physical Intelligence Robot Operators either lead the robot with their own arms (the robot mirrors them) or use specialized controllers, and the job is metrics-based with data collection goals per shift.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-71","source":{"label":"Ashby (Physical Intelligence careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/physicalintelligence/eb3ed968-630f-429a-9e44-5508b77d554b","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Pay","fact":"Physical Intelligence advertises an on-site Robot Operator role in San Francisco that teleoperates robot arms to collect training data, paying $25 an hour on 8-hour evening or overnight shifts, minimum 5 days a week.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-72","source":{"label":"arXiv (Physical Intelligence)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16054","date":"2025-04-22"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"For pi0.5, Physical Intelligence used about 400 hours of data from its mobile manipulators doing household tasks in about 100 different homes.","date":"22 Apr 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"physical-intelligence-73","source":{"label":"arXiv (Physical Intelligence)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2410.24164","date":"2024-10-31"},"cells":{"company":"Physical Intelligence","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Physical Intelligence pre-trained its pi0 model on about 10,000 hours of dexterous manipulation data from its own robots (7 robot configurations, 68 tasks), on top of open datasets such as OXE, DROID and Bridge.","date":"31 Oct 2024","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"realman-robotics-74","source":{"label":"Electropages","url":"https://www.electropages.com/2025/09/humanoid-robotics-data-training-centre-deliver-high-quality-data-worldwide","date":"2025-09-19"},"cells":{"company":"RealMan Robotics","kind":"Facility","fact":"A Beijing Humanoid Robotics Data Training Centre where RealMan Robotics is the core equipment provider and operator opened on 3,000 square metres with 108 robots and ten real-world scenes, estimated to produce over one million data points a year.","date":"19 Sep 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"skild-ai-75","source":{"label":"Skild AI","url":"https://www.skild.ai/blogs/s1","date":"2026-08-18"},"cells":{"company":"Skild AI","kind":"Method","fact":"Skild AI said it is scaling robot teleoperation, UMI handheld grippers, egocentric video and simulation data collection in-house, because no single source wins on scalability, diversity and closeness to the robot.","date":"18 Aug 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"skild-ai-76","source":{"label":"Skild AI","url":"https://www.skild.ai/blogs/learning-by-watching","date":"2026-01-12"},"cells":{"company":"Skild AI","kind":"Why","fact":"Skild AI says teleoperation alone cannot reach foundation-model scale, because it is tied to physical presence and happens in real time, so it trains on human video as well.","date":"12 Jan 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"skydio-77","source":{"label":"Skydio (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/skydio/f53df2af-e56d-4be4-a091-35ebe13983ce","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Skydio","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"Skydio is hiring a fixed-term (12-month) Data Collection Flight Test Operator in San Mateo, California to fly its drones across varied US environments, about 90% of the time on the road, gathering the data that trains and validates its autonomy and AI.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"skydio-78","source":{"label":"Skydio (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/skydio/f53df2af-e56d-4be4-a091-35ebe13983ce","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Skydio","kind":"Pay","fact":"Skydio's Data Collection Flight Test Operator role pays $50 to $60 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-79","source":{"label":"Sunday Robotics","url":"https://www.sunday.ai/technology","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Method","fact":"Sunday Robotics trains its Memo robot on data from Memory Developers wearing its Skill Capture Glove at home, and says it has shipped thousands of gloves to contributors across the country.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-80","source":{"label":"Ashby (Sunday Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/sunday/f92adbe3-da24-4edd-8599-4f60dec7bd5f","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Pay","fact":"Sunday Robotics pays remote Memory Developers, who record household chores with its hardware, $30 per hour of approved data during a one-week screening and up to $60 per hour for complex tasks afterwards.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-81","source":{"label":"Ashby (Sunday Robotics careers)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/sunday/41d7bd17-a739-46a5-8d5f-e8c85daa541d","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Pay","fact":"Sunday Robotics also hires in-house Memory Developers at Redwood City at $35 an hour on a fixed 5-day, 8-hour evening shift (2 PM to 10 PM), who also pilot new tasks and hardware before they go to the remote collectors.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-82","source":{"label":"Sunday Robotics","url":"https://www.sunday.ai/blog/series-b","date":"2026-03-12"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Team size","fact":"Sunday Robotics said that ahead of its beta program it had grown Engineering 3x, Research 4x and Data Operations 5x.","date":"12 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"sunday-robotics-83","source":{"label":"Sunday Robotics","url":"https://www.sunday.ai/blog/no-robot-data","date":"2025-11-19"},"cells":{"company":"Sunday Robotics","kind":"Why","fact":"Sunday Robotics said its ACT-1 model was trained without any teleoperation data, arguing that gathering data for a general-purpose robot by teleoperation would take decades.","date":"19 Nov 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"tesla-84","source":{"label":"AUTO BILD","url":"https://www.autobild.de/artikel/tesla-optimus-training-gigafactory-berlin-28712743.html","date":"2026-08-08"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Method","fact":"Tesla told staff at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg (Gruenheide) that selected teams would wear cameras during their work so the footage can train Optimus, per Handelsblatt's report of a company email.","date":"8 Aug 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-85","source":{"label":"AUTO BILD","url":"https://www.autobild.de/artikel/tesla-optimus-training-gigafactory-berlin-28712743.html","date":"2026-08-08"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Pay","fact":"Auto Bild reported that Tesla's US Optimus Data Collection Operators are paid hourly wages between 25.25 and 34.50 dollars.","date":"8 Aug 2026","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-86","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-elon-musk-2025-11","date":"2025-11-02"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Facility","fact":"Tesla trains Optimus in a glass-walled lab at its engineering headquarters, where dozens of workers act out everyday motions such as lifting a cup or wiping a table.","date":"2 Nov 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-87","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-elon-musk-2025-11","date":"2025-11-02"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Each Optimus data collector is expected to gather at least four hours of usable video footage per shift, five current and former workers said.","date":"2 Nov 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-88","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-elon-musk-2025-11","date":"2025-11-02"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Method","fact":"Optimus data collectors work eight-hour shifts repeating each action hundreds of times, recorded by five cameras on a helmet and a heavy backpack (cameras Tesla made in-house).","date":"2 Nov 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-89","source":{"label":"Business Insider (via AOL)","url":"https://www.aol.com/news/tesla-willing-pay-33-66-163627197.html","date":"2025-08-12"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Pay","fact":"Tesla's 'Vehicle Operator, Autopilot' listing in Queens, New York, for operators who drive engineering cars and collect audio and camera data, paid Test Operator I $25.25 to $27.60 an hour base and Test Operator II $28.75 to $30.60, with 10% more on afternoon and night shifts (up to $33.66).","date":"12 Aug 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-90","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-musk-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-motion-capture-cameras-2025-8","date":"2025-08-25"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Method","fact":"In late June 2025 Tesla told Optimus staff it would shift to a vision-only approach, recording videos of workers doing tasks instead of relying on motion-capture suits and teleoperation.","date":"1 Jun 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-91","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-musk-optimus-humanoid-robot-training-motion-capture-cameras-2025-8","date":"2025-08-25"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Why","fact":"Tesla told the Optimus team that moving away from motion-capture suits and teleoperation would let it scale data collection more quickly.","date":"1 Jun 2025","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-92","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-autonomous-driving-california-robotaxi-2025-3","date":"2025-03-14"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Team size","fact":"Tesla registered 224 in-house test drivers and 104 vehicles with the California DMV in December 2024 for its autonomous testing permit, up from 59 drivers and 14 vehicles, according to public records viewed by Business Insider.","date":"1 Dec 2024","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-93","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-self-driving-software-test-drivers-project-rodeo-experiences-2024-10","date":"2024-10-31"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Why","fact":"Tesla's 'Project Rodeo' test drivers are trained to let the self-driving software keep driving as long as possible; Tesla engineers told Business Insider the reason is that longer autonomous stretches give them more data to work with.","date":"31 Oct 2024","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-94","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-training-optimus-robot-motion-capture-suit-2024-8","date":"2024-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Method","fact":"Tesla's Optimus data collection operators walked test routes and performed designated tasks wearing a motion-capture suit and a VR headset for more than seven hours a day.","date":"19 Aug 2024","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-95","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-training-optimus-robot-motion-capture-suit-2024-8","date":"2024-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Pay","fact":"Tesla's Optimus 'Data Collection Operator' job listing offered full-time pay of $25.25 to $48 per hour.","date":"19 Aug 2024","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"tesla-96","source":{"label":"Business Insider","url":"https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-training-optimus-robot-motion-capture-suit-2024-8","date":"2024-08-19"},"cells":{"company":"Tesla","kind":"Team size","fact":"More than 50 different people worked as Optimus data collection operators at Tesla over the year to August 2024, per a Business Insider review of LinkedIn data.","date":"19 Aug 2024","basis":"Reported by an outlet"}},{"key":"toyota-research-institute-97","source":{"label":"arXiv (Toyota Research Institute)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2507.05331","date":"2025-07-07"},"cells":{"company":"Toyota Research Institute","kind":"Facility","fact":"Of TRI's in-house data, 468 hours (362 tasks, 46,063 demonstrations) came from teleoperation across 9 robot hardware stations, plus 32 hours captured with 7 pairs of handheld UMI devices in the wild.","date":"7 Jul 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"toyota-research-institute-98","source":{"label":"arXiv (Toyota Research Institute)","url":"https://arxiv.org/html/2507.05331","date":"2025-07-07"},"cells":{"company":"Toyota Research Institute","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Toyota Research Institute trained its Large Behavior Models on about 1,700 hours of demonstrations, of which about 545 hours (532 tasks, 64,262 demonstrations) were collected in-house at TRI.","date":"7 Jul 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"toyota-research-institute-99","source":{"label":"Toyota USA Newsroom","url":"https://pressroom.toyota.com/toyota-research-institute-unveils-breakthrough-in-teaching-robots-new-behaviors/","date":"2023-09-19"},"cells":{"company":"Toyota Research Institute","kind":"Method","fact":"Toyota Research Institute said its robots learn new skills from haptic demonstrations by a human teacher using Diffusion Policy, and that it had taught over 60 skills with a target of 1,000 by the end of 2024.","date":"19 Sep 2023","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"uber-100","source":{"label":"TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/03/uber-to-put-500-data-collection-vehicles-on-the-road-this-year/","date":"2026-06-03"},"cells":{"company":"Uber","kind":"Hours collected","fact":"Uber said its planned 500-vehicle AV Labs fleet will be able to collect 2 million miles of high-fidelity driving data per month (a stated capacity, not miles already collected).","date":"3 Jun 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"uber-101","source":{"label":"TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/03/uber-to-put-500-data-collection-vehicles-on-the-road-this-year/","date":"2026-06-03"},"cells":{"company":"Uber","kind":"Method","fact":"Uber said it plans to roll out 500 data-collection Hyundai Ioniq 5 vehicles globally in 2026 (50 on the road by summer), each fitted with 14 cameras, eight solid-state lidars and nine radars, to gather training data for its autonomous vehicle partners.","date":"3 Jun 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"uber-102","source":{"label":"TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/27/uber-launches-an-av-labs-division-to-gather-driving-data-for-robotaxi-partners/","date":"2026-01-27"},"cells":{"company":"Uber","kind":"Method","fact":"Uber launched an AV Labs division that sends its own sensor-equipped cars into cities to collect driving data for its autonomous vehicle partners (named examples: Waymo, Waabi, Lucid Motors); no partner contracts were signed at launch.","date":"27 Jan 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"uber-103","source":{"label":"TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/27/uber-launches-an-av-labs-division-to-gather-driving-data-for-robotaxi-partners/","date":"2026-01-27"},"cells":{"company":"Uber","kind":"Why","fact":"Uber's AV Labs head Danny Guo said partners want any data Uber can provide because Uber can collect far more driving data than the partners can gather with their own fleets.","date":"27 Jan 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"waabi-104","source":{"label":"Waabi (Lever job board)","url":"https://jobs.lever.co/waabi/a7a2f637-0551-4387-af1f-32e76d170818","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Waabi","kind":"Pay","fact":"Waabi's Vehicle Operator (CDL) day-shift role in Dallas, Texas, which manually drives Class 8 trucks on mapping and shadow missions and supervises the Waabi Driver, pays $31 to $43 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"waabi-105","source":{"label":"Waabi (Lever job board)","url":"https://jobs.lever.co/waabi/a7a2f637-0551-4387-af1f-32e76d170818","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Waabi","kind":"Why","fact":"Waabi says its self-driving system improves because its vehicle operators report precisely what they saw and why they took control, calling that feedback loop the core of the operator job.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"waymo-106","source":{"label":"CNBC (via NBC New York)","url":"https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/business/money-report/waymo-to-begin-testing-in-philadelphia-with-safety-drivers-behind-the-wheel/6327724/","date":"2025-07-07"},"cells":{"company":"Waymo","kind":"Method","fact":"Waymo confirmed it would test in Philadelphia through fall 2025 with a limited fleet and human safety drivers, first driving manually through downtown and freeways; CNBC reports the road trips collect mapping data and test the Waymo Driver in new environments.","date":"7 Jul 2025","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"waymo-107","source":{"label":"Waymo","url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2023/11/road-trip-how-our-cross-country-testing-helps-advance-the-waymo-driver/","date":"2023-11-06"},"cells":{"company":"Waymo","kind":"Method","fact":"On Waymo 'road trips', the company brings a small fleet of vehicles equipped with the Waymo Driver to a new city, where human specialists first drive them manually to give the system context and report local driving nuances to engineers.","date":"6 Nov 2023","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"waymo-108","source":{"label":"Waymo","url":"https://waymo.com/blog/2023/11/road-trip-how-our-cross-country-testing-helps-advance-the-waymo-driver/","date":"2023-11-06"},"cells":{"company":"Waymo","kind":"Why","fact":"Waymo says driving in dozens of cities has informed the design of its sensors, improved the Waymo Driver's performance in its existing cities and helped it bring the technology to new places.","date":"6 Nov 2023","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"wayve-109","source":{"label":"Wayve (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/wayve/792cba18-5f6f-4036-bbf2-66735177b0ce","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Wayve","kind":"Hiring drive","fact":"Wayve is hiring Vehicle Safety Operators in Tokyo to monitor its AI driving system on public roads, intervene when required and support data collection that trains its AI.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"wayve-110","source":{"label":"Wayve (Ashby job board)","url":"https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/wayve/ab085171-5815-4a63-bfe9-3bf4a09787b2","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Wayve","kind":"Why","fact":"Wayve describes on-road data collection as expensive and time-consuming, and says its synthetic data team exists to reduce that dependency by turning generative world models such as GAIA-3 into a source of training data.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"zipline-111","source":{"label":"Zipline (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=flyzipline&token=7985708003","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Zipline","kind":"Facility","fact":"Zipline runs a flight test facility in Amarillo, Texas staffed by Flight Test Operator, Ground Test and Visual Observer teams, where aircraft move from engineering development into flight test; it is hiring a Site Lead to run it.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"zipline-112","source":{"label":"Zipline (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=flyzipline&token=7812871003","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Zipline","kind":"Pay","fact":"Zipline's Flight Test Operator role at its Esparto, California test site, acting as Remote Pilot in Command for high-volume flight testing including nights and weekends, starts at $34 to $38 an hour.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"zipline-113","source":{"label":"Zipline (Greenhouse job board)","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/embed/job_app?for=flyzipline&token=7812871003","date":"2026-10-18"},"cells":{"company":"Zipline","kind":"Why","fact":"Zipline says its high-volume flight testing exposes risks before they reach customers, strengthens the safety case for its aircraft and improves the reliability of every delivery.","date":"as of 18 Oct 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}},{"key":"zoox-114","source":{"label":"Automotive World","url":"https://www.automotiveworld.com/news/zoox-expands-testing-to-dallas-and-phoenix-adds-hub/","date":"2026-03-10"},"cells":{"company":"Zoox","kind":"Method","fact":"Zoox said it would start testing in Dallas and Phoenix with retrofitted Toyota Highlander SUVs and safety drivers that map roads and collect operational data, taking its US testing footprint to ten cities.","date":"10 Mar 2026","basis":"Stated by the company or an official page"}}],"sample":"All 115 facts.","notes":[]}]}